Patient: “Doctor, my eyes are so red, it hurts to press the eyeballs, do I have pink eye?” Doctor: “Let’s see …… you don’t have pink eye, it’s sclera.” The sclera, which is commonly known as the “white of the eye”, is the main part of the outer wall of the eye and is connected to the cornea in front to maintain the stability of the eye structure. The typical symptoms are painful pressure on the eye, redness, swelling, loss of vision, photophobia and tearing. Blindness may occur without timely treatment. The cause of scleral infection is still unclear. Patients with systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and leukoaraiosis are prone to scleral infection, and bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections may also cause it. Unlike the common red eye (i.e., acute conjunctivitis), sclerosis does not have increased discharge, and the redness in sclerosis is characterized by ciliary congestion, significant eye pain, and a purplish-red appearance with congestion concentrated around the cornea, whereas the redness in conjunctivitis is widespread (i.e., both the lid conjunctiva and bulbar conjunctiva are involved) and bright red. When symptoms of sclerosis are suspected, patients should go to the ophthalmology department of a hospital in a timely manner. After the diagnosis is confirmed, the doctor will choose the appropriate medication for the patient, including hormonal, non-steroidal, and immunosuppressive drugs. The prognosis is good if scleral infection is detected and treated early. Once treatment is started, you should not stop the medication rashly, you need to review it on time and follow the medical advice. In daily life, we should avoid overwork, keep good rest, rest early, do not stay up late, eat more coarse grains and fresh vegetables and fruits, eat less spicy and oily stimulating food, stay away from smoking and alcohol, do appropriate physical exercise to enhance immunity, and if there are systemic diseases, we need to combine with internal medicine for corresponding treatment.