Congenital myelomeningocele is one of the most common disorders in pediatric surgery. Clinically, it presents as a date sized lump on one side of the neck about half a month after birth, and then the lump gradually becomes hard, inactive, poke-shaped and painless. The mass gradually subsides in about six months, but the sternocleidomastoid muscle becomes fibrous contracture, shortened, and striped, pulling the head to the affected side and turning the jaw to the healthy side. With growth and development, both sides of the face are asymmetrical, the healthy side is full, the affected side becomes smaller, both eyes are not at the same level, and serious cases can be followed by cervical scoliosis deformity. Therefore, when a mother finds a hard lump in her baby’s neck, it probably means that her baby has myelomeningocele, and a simple ultrasound can confirm the diagnosis by taking her child to the hospital. Even if the lump atrophies and hardens after six months, the ultrasound can find out the thickness and length of the neck muscles on both sides and the blood flow to diagnose the disease. The most common outpatients who visit the clinic with a squint are myelomeningocele, but there are also some other causes of squint, so a differential diagnosis is needed: bony squint Cervical spine abnormalities such as atlantoaxial subluxation, hemivertebrae, etc., without contracture of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and X-ray examination can confirm the diagnosis. Inflammatory disease of the neck with lymph node enlargement, local pressure pain and systemic symptoms, and no contracture of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A routine blood test can reveal elevated white blood cells. Ocular muscle abnormalities are caused by muscle imbalance in the extraocular muscles, causing children with strabismus to coordinate their vision with neck deviation. Abnormalities of the eye muscles can be detected by ophthalmic instruments. Postural strabismus: Most children with strabismus are always fed and cared for on the same side after birth, so the child’s head and neck are habitually tilted to one side, or “sleeping on the wrong side of the head” as the saying goes. In this case, the treatment before the age of 1 year is the same as that for myotonic squint, such as massage, correction, application of shaped pillows, and after the age of 1 year, orthopedic braces can be used. In addition, many parents worry about whether the imaging examination will affect the growth and development of their children, but there is no need to worry about this. First of all, ultrasound is very safe and almost radiation-free, so it is a mandatory part of the pregnancy checkup. X-rays, on the other hand, do contain radiation, and doctors try to avoid them during the baby’s growth period, but there is no harm in having one or two occasional X-rays.