The ocular complications of diabetes include diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, cataract, optic neuropathy, glaucoma, and refractive changes in diabetes. The most common of these ocular complications is diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by the bilateral symmetry and progressive nature of the microangiopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is divided into two main categories, non-proliferative (“background phase”) retinopathy and proliferative retinopathy. Non-proliferative retinopathy is the earliest stage in which diabetes affects the retina and manifests as microangiomas, hemorrhages and exudates. The hallmark of proliferative retinopathy is the formation of neovascularization, which is an important cause of blindness and increases the risk of retinal detachment significantly. The early symptoms of diabetic retinopathy mainly manifest as flashing sensation, vision loss, fundus hemorrhage, exudation, macular edema, etc. In severe cases, it may manifest as large black shadows in front of the eyes, vision loss, vitreous hemorrhage in the fundus, and retinal detachment by traction.