Simply put, ptosis is a condition in which the upper eyelid cannot be lifted and only a slit of the eye is exposed when the eye is normally flat. The severity of the condition varies from covering the entire pupil area to covering only 1/3 of the pupil. In most cases, the ptosis is congenital. Parents may find that their child cannot open one or both eyes after birth, and even if they do, they can only show half of the black eyeball, and they have to make extra effort to open their eyes, and their foreheads have to follow the effort, and even head lines appear. Other babies always tilt their heads and look through the small slits in their eyes. These are all signs of congenital ptosis. Many parents mistakenly believe that this condition only affects their appearance and that it is the same when the child grows up and is treated. In fact, this condition can cause masked amblyopia. This is because a child’s vision and stereopsis can only develop after birth through constant visual stimulation, a process that is basically completed before school. If the child’s eyes are blocked at this stage, masked amblyopia can develop, which can seriously affect vision. Even if the ptosis is surgically corrected in adulthood, the opportunity to rebuild vision is lost. On the other hand, as children become more self-aware, this cosmetic defect can affect their mental health, leading to low self-esteem and lack of confidence. If a child shows signs of ptosis, parents can bring their child in at 4 or 5 months of age, primarily to confirm the diagnosis of congenital ptosis, look at the extent of the child’s condition, and decide when to have surgery to correct it. Because the strength of the upper eyelid changes as the child develops, sometimes the degree of ptosis will change. So even children who don’t need surgery right away should come in for regular reviews. Another part of the child’s inability to lift the upper eyelid is caused by myasthenia gravis. This should be seen as early as possible and a neurological consultation should be made to rule out this aspect of the problem. In severe congenital ptosis, the upper eyelid margin covers more than 1/2 of the pupil, and surgery should be performed as early as possible to prevent amblyopia from occurring. The youngest child to undergo ptosis surgery at Beijing Children’s Hospital is only 4 months old; if the ptosis is mild to moderate and does not affect the child’s normal visual development, the timing of surgery can be chosen at preschool age 6-7 years, when the child’s local muscles are more well developed and the surgery is It is relatively easy to operate and also takes into account the psychological needs of the child after school. In some complex cases, such as congenital ptosis combined with extraocular muscle abnormalities, a combination of strabismus correction and ptosis correction should be considered. In general, after ptosis surgery, the child should undergo an optometric examination, and once the ptotic eye is found to have an amblyopic tendency, amblyopia training should be actively performed to compensate for the effects of masking on the child’s visual development.