There are no specific biological markers used in the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer.
Tumor markers may provide a reference for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lung cancer: gastrin-releasing peptide precursor (Pro-GRP): may be the marker of choice for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of small cell lung cancer;
Neurospecific enolase (NSE): for diagnosis of small cell lung cancer and monitoring of treatment response and recurrence;
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): the examination of CEA in serum is mainly used to determine the recurrence and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma and to observe the efficacy during the treatment of lung cancer;
Cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA21-1): a reference for the diagnosis, post-treatment effect and recurrence of squamous lung cancer;
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC): it is valuable for monitoring the efficacy and prognosis of lung squamous carcinoma. If progressive increase of the above tumor markers is found during follow-up, it is necessary to be alert to early lung cancer, postoperative recurrence, and poor treatment outcome. Specific serum tumor marker testing can help improve the histological type differential diagnosis and provide quantifiable observations for tumor diagnosis, recurrence, prognosis, and efficacy monitoring;