An oil company’s salesman Liu has recently been busy, although the weather is still very hot in autumn, but he has not had time to give the body in time to “replenish” the water, tea is also less than ever drank a lot. Unexpectedly, the problem came up. Last week, Liu suddenly felt a sharp pain in the right lumbar area when he got up in the morning, could not stand up, immediately took leave to go to the hospital, laboratory tests, ultrasound, X-rays after some examination, the doctor told him that he suffered from urolithiasis, because the stone blocked the right ureter, which also occurred right hydronephrosis. I did not expect that a small “stone” would cause such great pain and trouble for Daliu. In fact, urolithiasis is a multiple disease, the onset of urinary stones and genetics, nutrition and climate are closely linked. Especially in the summer or early autumn, people sweat more, if the water is not enough, urine volume is reduced, urine concentration, coupled with the consumption of food with high oxalic acid content, is the formation of oxalic acid stones “raw materials”, these have undoubtedly become the “culprit” leading to the high incidence of stone disease. These are undoubtedly the “culprits” for the high incidence of stone disease. The urolithiasis, also known as urinary tract stones, is a general term for kidney stones, ureteral stones, bladder stones and urethral stones, known as “stone gonorrhea” and “sand gonorrhea” in Chinese medicine, and is a common clinical condition. Patients mostly present with dull pain or colic in the affected lumbar abdomen, accompanied by vomiting symptoms and hematuria, urinary tract infection, pain in the urethra during urination, and difficulty in urination. Although urinary stones may seem small, they can cause great harm if not removed in time, directly affecting and damaging the kidney function. As we all know, the main role of the kidneys is to produce urine and eliminate toxic substances from the body. Therefore, if stones are allowed to develop and block the urinary tract, so that the urine in the kidney cannot be discharged smoothly, it will lead to hydronephrosis. If the obstruction is not lifted, the urine will accumulate in the kidney for a long time, just like a pool of stagnant water, which will easily cause infection and substantial damage to the kidney, and eventually develop into renal failure, which is often called uremia, ultimately endangering the patient’s life. The latest research data shows that stones may also cause squamous epithelial carcinoma, such as renal pelvis cancer and bladder cancer, when they irritate the mucosa for a long time. With the development of modern technology, percutaneous nephrolithoscopy, ureteroscopy, ultrasonic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can effectively remove stones; meanwhile, Chinese medicine can remove stones because it is safe, inexpensive and has the characteristics of treating both the symptoms and the root cause, which makes people generally accept it. However, although Chinese medicine is good, it is necessary to choose the right indications. The indications for the treatment of urolithiasis in Chinese medicine are: the presence of stones on χ-ray plain film and imaging; stones less than 1 cm in diameter, regular shape, smooth surface, and no adhesions with the renal pelvis and calyces; no obvious deformities, stenosis and infection in the urinary tract; no serious hydronephrosis, and acceptable renal function; good physical condition in young and strong people, who can drink a lot of water and participate in physical activities that are beneficial to stone removal. It should be noted that for larger stones, especially those with long residence time, obvious inflammation, adhesions and granulation tissue around them, and different degrees of hydronephrosis, the use of Chinese medicine for stone removal is often ineffective, and sometimes it may aggravate hydronephrosis due to its diuretic effect and endanger kidney function. As with many diseases, prevention is also important for urolithiasis. Because after the use of various means of stone removal, the factors that form stones in the patient’s body are not completely solved, if no preventive measures are taken, urolithiasis is very likely to “return”. According to statistics, the recurrence rate of calcium oxalate kidney stones is 10% in 1 year, 35% in 5 years and 50% in 10 years. To prevent urolithiasis, first of all, we should drink more water every day, keep the daily urine volume at 2000-3000ml, and drink water evenly; increasing the urine volume by 50% can reduce the incidence of urinary stones by 86%. Secondly, we should pay attention to adjust the diet structure, advocate scientific and reasonable diet, eat more fruits and vegetables, reasonable intake of protein, keep the daily intake of protein 75 to 90 g. At the same time, we should control the intake of sugar, avoid eating spinach, animal offal, etc. Those with positive family history of urolithiasis are at high risk, prevent their chronic urinary tract infection and reduce exposure to sunlight. During the medication period must drink a lot of water and develop a good habit of exercise to accelerate the discharge of stones.