Overview of obesity Obesity, is one of the biggest obstacles to human health in the world today, and AIDS, poison and anesthetic addiction, smoking and alcoholism and listed as the world’s four major medical and social problems that endanger human health. It has become a social disease that worries the public and has attracted the high attention of the medical profession. The medical profession has called obesity and its frequent accompaniment of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and stroke together as the “quintet of death”. This terrible “quintet” is about to become the number one killer threatening human health and life safety in the 21st century. Obesity and economic development have a close relationship, economically developed countries in Europe and the United States, obesity has been a common phenomenon; and now due to the rapid development of the economy in Asia, the quality of life greatly improved, the wave of obesity is also impacting Asian countries. Similarly, overweight and obesity, in our country has become a serious threat to health problems. A recent study published by the University of North Carolina shows that more than 25% of adults in China are overweight or obese, and the growth rate of this group is accelerating. In developing countries, the growth rate of overweight adults in China is second only to Mexico, while the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and other developed countries have been left far behind by China. Based on a population of 1.3 billion, Popkin’s findings mean that China is adding more than 10 million new obese people every year. In addition, 12-14 million more Chinese are threatened by diabetes and hypertension each year, making the situation critical. “An increasingly Westernized diet and reduced physical activity are the main causes of overweight in China,” said Popkin, a professor of nutrition at the University of North Carolina who led the study. In terms of diet, a high-fat, high-fat, meat-rich diet has gradually replaced the traditional Chinese diet, which used to be more balanced; improving economic conditions have led to a rapid increase in the use of cooking oil and an increase in the intake of animal foods such as eggs, poultry, beef and pork; even the traditional low-fat cooking methods such as boiling and steaming have been replaced by high-fat frying and stir-frying. In terms of physical activity, Chinese people are working with less and less physical activity, taking cars, elevators and watching TV and computers take up time for physical exercise, leading to people often being sedentary. Types of obesity Obesity disease includes two types. One type is called simple obesity disease, or acquired obesity disease, accounting for about 95% of the total number of obese patients. It is a lifestyle-related, chronic disease characterized by excessive eating, low physical activity, behavioral deviations, and excessive proliferation of adipose tissue throughout the body, and it is also considered to be a low-grade inflammatory response syndrome. Another category is secondary obesity disease, accounting for about 5% of the total number of obese patients. It often appears in the development process of many kinds of endocrine and metabolic diseases, or caused by genetic quality, after trauma or taking certain drugs, and the treatment should be aimed at dealing with the primary disease. Obesity according to the distribution of fat in different parts of the body, and can be divided into abdominal obesity and hip type obesity. Abdominal obesity is also called centripetal obesity, male obesity, visceral obesity and apple obesity, the fat of such people is mainly deposited in the abdomen subcutaneously and in the abdominal cavity, and the limb parts are relatively few; hip obesity patients’ fat is mainly deposited in the buttocks and the thighs, also called non-centripetal obesity, female obesity or pear-shaped obesity. The harm of obesity obesity as early as 1948 was defined as a disease, “fat for beauty” era has long gone. Obesity is also a risk factor for many chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, respiratory arrest sleep syndrome, osteoarthritis and other diseases. Some research shows (American scholars on 1 million Americans for 14 years on BMI and mortality survey statistics), body mass index (BMI) between 19 ~ 24 people have the longest life expectancy, the higher the BMI life expectancy is shorter, obese people’s life expectancy than normal weight people’s life expectancy shortened 10 ~ 20 years. The following is obesity may induce a variety of harm: 1, inconvenience in life: obese people often feel weakness in life, shortness of breath, activity difficulties, joint pain, swelling of the lower limbs, etc., and even lose the ability to take care of themselves in serious cases. 2.Psychological disorders: obese patients feel unattractive, activity inconvenience, easy to appear inferiority complex, depression, anxiety and other psychological disorders, so that daily activities and social activities are limited, and even have social fear, refuse to contact with society, the quality of life is reduced; 3.The impact on growth, development: obese children are prone to hypertension, dyslipidemia and abnormal glucose metabolism, serious can develop into type 2 diabetes. Aggravate atherosclerosis, so that cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in advance; can appear respiratory sleep apnea syndrome, prone to pneumonia, bronchitis, etc. 4, the impact on reproductive function: adult obesity can affect sexual function and fertility, resulting in a decline in the quality of sexual life and infertility. 5.Socio-economic problems caused by: obesity can cause a variety of complications, so that medical expenses greatly increased, directly affecting the social economy. In addition, obesity and its complications can make the labor productivity reduce, work days reduce, and cause indirect huge loss to the social economy. The benefits of treating obesity 1, treating obesity is beneficial to the decline of blood sugar. A study shows that the risk of type 2 diabetes for women with BMI between 24 and 25 is 4 times that of people with BMI <24, and the risk of type 2 diabetes for people with BMI >35 is 93.2 times that of the former; if obese patients with diabetes are combined, their body weight decreases by 7.5%, fasting blood sugar decreases by 2.1mmol/L, postprandial blood sugar decreases by 3.2mmol/L, and total Cholesterol decreased by 9.2%. 2, treatment of obesity can reduce blood pressure: the prevalence of hypertension in obese patients is two times that of normal weight people. In recent years, some large clinical studies found that in hypertensive patients, the average weight loss of 5 kg, systolic blood pressure can drop 5mmHg, diastolic blood pressure drop 3mmHg. 3, treatment of obesity can reverse fatty liver: in the study of liver biopsy to evaluate weight loss on fatty liver, it was found that the incidence of fatty liver in male obese patients was as high as 91%; after 27 months of successful weight loss, liver biopsy, moderate fatty liver patients The proportion of patients with moderate fatty liver decreased from 37% to 23%, and the proportion of patients with severe fatty liver decreased from 42% to 15%. 4, in addition, the treatment of obesity can reduce abnormal lipid metabolism and reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. The treatment of obesity Turn on the television and radio, open the newspaper and magazine, the weight loss advertisement will be overwhelmingly reflected in your eyes. In front of all kinds of weight loss drugs and methods, we are confused. After taking numerous detours, spending countless amounts of money, and losing weight in front of a scale that failed to end (?), we are confused. In the end, what is the best way to lose weight? We say that there is no best way to lose weight, what suits you is the best! The current weight loss methods are just the following. 1, diet therapy: most obese patients have hyperphagia, especially a strong appetite at night. Diet control therapy is an extremely hard and painful process, fighting hunger and food is the need to have a strong will and perseverance. (More intake of high-fiber foods can satisfy appetite and reduce caloric intake, and also reduce centripetal obesity, lower blood pressure and blood lipids. Drinking soup before meals can dilute stomach acid, reduce hunger and appetite, can reduce eating. Therefore, there is a “soup before meals is good for health, and soup after meals, the more fat you drink”. In addition, reduce salt intake, salt control below 5 grams per day can reduce appetite.) 2, exercise therapy: the same as diet therapy, adhere to the exercise is to have persistence. (Energy consumption when climbing stairs is 10 times more than when sitting still, and 1.7 times more than walking. A person weighing 65 kg, with a normal speed stairs, up and down one flight of stairs about 74.4 kcal of energy consumption, if the family lives on the 6th floor, three times a day walking up and down the stairs without taking the elevator, to consume 2000 kcal more per day.) 3, behavior therapy: some studies have shown that reducing the time to watch TV, computer, can significantly reduce weight. Diet, exercise and behavior regulation as obesity treatment is recommended, and adhere to. 4, drug therapy: only in BMI greater than 30 and BMI greater than 27, but the emergence of obesity complications, after regular diet, exercise and behavioral therapy for more than 3 months invalid, only consider using drugs to lose weight. 5, surgery therapy: If you have tried the above methods and ended in failure; then your BMI is greater than 40, or BMI is greater than 35, but at the same time accompanied by serious complications of obesity, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other metabolic diseases, then there is no need to go to the above weight loss ways to run around, surgery is your best choice. The more mature surgical procedures carried out at present are laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty (LABG), sleeve gastrectomy (SLG) and gastric bypass surgery (LRYGB). Their bariatric efficacy is precise, with minimal trauma and complications, and they can eat and move around the next day after surgery. The average weight loss after surgery is 30~40 kg, and the combined diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia are significantly relieved or even disappeared. Obesity is a chronic disease that needs long-term prevention and treatment, and intervention and prevention of obesity is one of the key efforts to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and extend the life expectancy per capita. The etiology and pathogenesis of obesity have not yet been clarified, and the treatment effect of obesity is not satisfactory at the present stage. It is believed that with the development of medical science, the treatment of obesity will no longer be a global problem.