Asthma is one of the most common respiratory diseases in children, with episodes of coughing and shortness of breath, wheezing and chest tightness, and croup in the throat as the main manifestations, mostly triggered by respiratory tract infections, exposure to allergens. The prevalence of asthma in urban children in China ranges from 0.5% to 3.4%.
The prevalence of asthma in urban children in China is 0.5% to 3.4%, and in some areas it is as high as 5%, and the trend is increasing year by year, and there are at least 10 million children with asthma in China. Because of its recurrent attacks and difficulty in healing, it seriously affects the growth and physical and mental health of children, so it is very important to strengthen the prevention and treatment of asthma. Asthma is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease of the airways, and airway hyperresponsiveness is an important pathological feature. In the past, the emphasis was on the treatment of asthma attacks. Although the symptoms were controlled during the acute phase, the chronic inflammation of the airways still existed, so the focus of treatment has now shifted to the prevention and treatment of the remission phase. The aim is to prevent asthma recurrence and irreversible damage to lung function due to recurrent attacks, to reduce airway hyperresponsiveness, and to reduce and eventually control asthma attacks. The main reasons for the development of asthma are as follows: 1. Genetic factors Research has found that asthma often has a tendency to run in families, and having a parent with asthma greatly increases the incidence of children with asthma; 2. Environmental factors
Airway damage caused by atmospheric pollution, smoke and other factors; 3. Infections, especially colds, tonsillitis and other upper respiratory tract infections are the most common triggers of asthma attacks; 4. Exposure to allergens
The most common food allergens are proteins such as meat, eggs and milk, followed by seafood such as fish and shrimp, and some additives such as coloring in snacks are also common allergens; environmental allergens are mainly scattered in the air such as pollen, soot, mosquitoes, home decorations and paints and other abnormal odors; 5. All of the above causes can cause bronchospasm, mucous membrane edema, increased secretions, duct obstruction, narrowing of the airway leading to poor breathing and morbidity.