Acute cystitis is caused by bacterial infection, the common causative organisms are mostly gram-negative bacilli, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis, etc. It mostly occurs in newly married or sexually active women, the main clinical symptoms are urinary frequency, urinary urgency, painful urination and hematuria.
The frequency of urination refers to the increase in the number of urination per unit of time, normal adults urinate 4-6 times during the day, 0-2 times at night, more than 7 times during the day or more than 3 times at night is frequent urination, severe cystitis patients may go to the toilet in ten minutes.
Urinary urgency means that the patient cannot wait to urinate as soon as he or she has the urge to do so and cannot control it, which often causes urge incontinence in severe cases.
Painful urination is a painful or burning sensation in the lower abdomen, perineum and urethra when the patient urinates, due to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the urinary tract, which causes pain and burning sensation when urine is flushed during urination.
Clinically, the symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency and painful urination are often combined as bladder irritation symptoms.
Hematuria is caused by inflammatory bleeding of the bladder mucosa and can be divided into positive urinary occult blood and carnal hematuria. Urine occult blood positive refers to the urine specimen centrifugal precipitation after microscopic examination, the average number of red blood cells per high-powered field of view is greater than 3 is urine occult blood positive, need to perform routine urine examination to clarify; acute cystitis patients with more bleeding will appear carnal hematuria, mild carnal hematuria urine is light red or pink, in serious cases urine is often dark red; acute bladder inflammation caused by hematuria is often accompanied by painful urination symptoms, can be associated with The hematuria caused by acute inflammation of the bladder is often accompanied by painful urination, which can be distinguished from painless carnal hematuria caused by urinary tract tumors.