After the liberalization of the two-child policy, the most common question asked by friends and colleagues after meeting may be “Do you not plan to have a second child?” The most common question asked by friends and colleagues after the liberalization of the second child policy is “Are you not planning to have a second child? According to incomplete statistics, women with the conditions for the birth of two children accounted for 50% of women of childbearing age, and in this 50% of women really want to have a second child and only about 50%, why? This may be both social and family reasons, as well as each person’s own reasons, such as child education, employment pressure, the age of the elderly, their own busy work and no one to take care of their children, etc., but as doctors, we are concerned about your own reasons, are you really ready for the birth of a second child? In order to eugenics, give you some advice. 1. Age: (1) Women over 35 years old are of advanced maternal age and are prone to chromosomal aberrations and mutations after pregnancy, especially chromosomes 21, 18 and 13. Therefore, you should consult with the eugenics department or genetics department before pregnancy and listen to the advice of a specialist, and after pregnancy it is best to do amniocentesis or non-invasive DNA testing to rule out fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Because the false positive rate of Down’s syndrome screening is high above 35 years old and increases with age, it is not recommended to do Down’s syndrome screening in advanced maternal age, but Down’s syndrome ultrasound screening can be done (e.g. ultrasound for NT and NF, etc.). (2) The risk of gestational hypertension, diabetes mellitus, miscarriage, preterm delivery and obstructed labor increases significantly in advanced maternal age. Once pregnant, close obstetric examinations should be performed and the number of obstetric examinations should be increased appropriately to detect abnormalities early and deal with them as early as possible to reduce the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in mothers and children. (3) If senior women are still not pregnant after six months of pregnancy preparation, it is recommended that they should go to the Department of Assisted Reproduction for consultation and detailed examination as soon as possible to understand whether they have the conditions for having children again, and if necessary, assisted conception with the help of assisted reproduction technology. Weight: For obese women, it is best to lose weight before pregnancy and keep it close to the standard weight range. If it is really difficult to lose weight, once conception occurs, they should go to the nutrition clinic to receive nutritional guidance during pregnancy, eat a reasonable and balanced nutritional diet, and assist with appropriate exercise and exercise to reasonably control weight gain and prevent the occurrence of gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension. 3. Previous physical condition: If a woman is expecting a baby and has suffered from chronic hypertension, kidney disease, diabetes, thyroid disease, heart disease, etc., it is recommended to consult with a specialist clinic before pregnancy to find out whether the current condition is suitable for pregnancy, whether the current medication is harmful to the fetus and precautions to be taken during pregnancy to prevent the health of the mother and child from being jeopardized by the aggravation of the original disease after pregnancy. 4. Previous births: Generally speaking, the chances of recurrence after another pregnancy are significantly higher if the previous bad births occurred. (1) Pre-eclampsia: I believe that this disease is not unfamiliar to us now, because the experience of the mother at the North Medical Center has well illustrated the seriousness of this disease, the high chance of recurrence and the degree of recurrence. For women who have had a history of pre-eclampsia in their previous pregnancy or have someone in their family who has had this disease, once they are pregnant, they can take calcium supplements, especially if they are of advanced age and are themselves calcium deficient, at least 1000mg per day, in divided doses. In addition to this one should also receive early guidance from a professional obstetrician and take oral aspirin to prevent the occurrence of pre-eclampsia. (2) Placenta praevia: Placenta praevia is a condition in which the placenta is attached to the lower part of the uterus after 28 weeks of gestation, and the lower edge of the placenta reaches or covers the inner cervical opening, and its position is lower than that of the fetal previa. It often causes hemorrhage before, during and after delivery, uterine rupture, placenta implantation, puerperal infection, and the mother’s life can be in great danger, and if necessary, the uterus needs to be removed to save her life. Common causes of placenta praevia include damage to the endometrium, such as multiple scrapings and deliveries. Repeated multiple abortions can lead to damage to the endometrium or muscles, which may lead to a fatal placenta praevia. Therefore, I advise you that when you are not ready to become a mother, it is better to be able to use good contraception, to be “self-love” and to minimize the number of uterine surgical operations. (3) Gestational diabetes: Since the adoption of new diagnostic criteria, the current prevalence of gestational diabetes in China is about 17.5%, although of course there are regional differences. However, the majority of them are gestational diabetes found after pregnancy with normal pre-pregnancy blood glucose. Therefore, it is recommended that all pregnant women should have a diabetes screening test, also known as glucose tolerance test (OGTT), between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, with three blood glucose values no higher than 5.1-10.0-8.5 mmol/L, respectively, with one higher than normal being diagnosed as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). If only one fasting blood glucose is a little bit higher than normal, you can recheck fasting blood glucose separately in the nearest hospital, and if the recheck result is normal, close monitoring of blood glucose can be done. (4) Postpartum hemorrhage: Postpartum hemorrhage is a serious obstetrical complication, for women who have had their last child or had blood transfusion because of childbirth, they should strengthen their maternity checkups when they are pregnant again, pay attention to nutritional supplements during pregnancy to avoid anemia during pregnancy, eat more red dates, peanuts, animal liver and red meat, etc. Meanwhile, several diseases mentioned above are high-risk factors leading to postpartum hemorrhage, which should be prevented and should be actively dealt with once they occur. The slightly poorer contraction of the uterus during delivery in older pregnant women will also increase the chance of postpartum hemorrhage. After all this, I hope it will help you to have a healthy and smart “second son” and wish you a good pregnancy!