Tinnitus and deafness are a common symptom in middle-aged and elderly people and have various causes, but persistent tinnitus and unilateral deafness should alert to auditory neuroma. It is the most common tumor in the posterior cranial fossa, accounting for 75%-80% of tumors in the cerebellar horn of the pontine brain. The prevalence is between 30 and 60 years old, with no significant gender difference. Auditory neuroma is often thought of as a brain tumor, but it is not located in the brain parenchyma, but in the vestibular branch of the auditory nerve. It is a benign tumor (not malignant nor cancerous) and usually grows slowly. The first symptom is almost always a disorder of the auditory nerve itself, such as tinnitus and deafness on the affected side. The tinnitus is high pitched, resembling the sound of cicadas or sirens, and is continuous, often accompanied by hearing loss. As the tumor increases, abnormalities in facial nerve function (twitching of facial muscles), trigeminal nerve function (numbness or tingling sensation in the cheek and zygomatic bulge), and brainstem and cerebellum compression symptoms (hyperalgesia, ataxia, unsteady gait, poor distance discrimination, slurred speech, and difficulty in pronunciation) may occur, and if left untreated, brain herniation may occur at any time and endanger life. Frequency of clinical symptoms: 57% of patients have ear symptoms (hearing impairment, tinnitus). About 26% of patients with auditory neuroma present with sudden deafness, and about 1-2.5% of all patients with sudden deafness are eventually diagnosed with an auditory neuroma. It should be noted that recovery of sudden deafness does not exclude the possibility of an auditory neuroma. Tinnitus is the second most common symptom and can precede hearing loss, so unilateral tinnitus should also be a warning for the possibility of an auditory neuroma. Therefore, all patients with hearing impairment around middle age should be alerted to auditory nerve sheath tumor if there is no other cause such as trauma or otitis media, etc. They should go to hospital for hearing examination and imaging (cranial CT or MRI) as early as possible. Auditory neuroma is treatable and there are many effective treatments available. If the tumor is small, it can be followed up with regular MRI examinations or treated with gamma knife. If the tumor is growing, immediate surgery is required, and surgical resection should be the treatment of choice. Surgery for auditory neuroma has been performed for a full 100 years. Due to the continuous improvement of surgical techniques, the surgical mortality rate has been decreasing and the treatment results have improved significantly. Currently, for patients with a diameter of <3.5 cm and no brainstem compression, the surgical mortality rate for this procedure is extremely low, the vast majority of patients can have their facial nerve preserved, and almost all patients can undergo a complete first-stage resection. Most patients can continue their active, normal life and work after surgery.