Hematuria
Definition: Urine containing a large number of red blood cells (when it contains more than 1mL of fresh blood per liter of urine), and the urine looks blood-like or washboard-like to the naked eye, is called carnal hematuria. During routine urine examination, more than 5 red blood cells in one high magnification field under the microscope or more than 500,000 red blood cells in a 12-hour urine Edie count, which cannot be detected by the naked eye, is called microscopic hematuria.
Etiology.
1, urinary system diseases: such as urinary tract infections, various nephritis (glomerulonephritis, viral nephritis, genetic nephritis, purpura nephritis), stones (kidney, bladder, urethra), urinary tract malformations, trauma, tumors, etc.
2, systemic diseases: such as hypertension, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, leukemia, sepsis, vitamin C, K deficiency, etc.
3, physical and chemical causes: such as drugs (cyclophosphamide), food allergy, radiation exposure, after exercise, etc.
Clinical manifestations.
With fine flow of urine, difficulty in urination: prostatitis, prostate cancer.
Urinary tract irritation: urinary tract infection.
With proteinuria, edema, hypertension: called nephritis syndrome, seen in a variety of glomerular diseases.
With renal colic: kidney stone, ureteral stone.
Sudden interruption of urine flow: bladder stones, urethral stones.
Kidney mass: hydronephrosis, renal cyst, renal malformation, renal tumor, etc.
With celiac disease: filariasis, chronic pyelonephritis.
With bleeding from other sites: certain infectious diseases, hematological diseases.
Examination.
1, urine three cup test: the first cup lesion in the anterior urethra; the third cup (end) in the bladder neck and triangle or posterior urethra; the whole hematuria in the bladder or above the bladder
2, urine red blood cell examination sedimentation method: slide method > 3 / HP, quantitative count > 5 / μL.
Addis count: >10×104 / 3h, >50×104 / 12h.
3, other tests: urine bacteriological examination, cystoscopy, ultrasound, urological examination (including abdominal plain film, pyelogram, cystogram), radionuclide nephrography, renal arteriogram, CT, renal puncture biopsy and related systems such as chest X-ray, cardiac ultrasound, abdominal ultrasound, bone penetration, blood coagulation analysis, blood uric acid, immunochemical examination, etc.
Precautions.
1, usually develop the habit of drinking more water and urinating more often.
2, less smoking, less spicy and stimulating food. Avoid eating fried and fatty foods.
3.Actively treat inflammation of the urinary system, stones and other diseases.
4.Be careful not to make the bladder highly filled, feel the urge to urinate, that is, to urinate, to avoid urine in the bladder for too long.
5.Pay attention to the combination of work and rest, and avoid strenuous exercise.
6, found hematuria, early examination, confirm the diagnosis, timely treatment; momentarily difficult to diagnose, to the hospital for regular review.
Analysis
If there is blood in the urine, consider urethral lesions in the anterior segment, bladder triangle and posterior urethra in the posterior segment, and kidney or urinary tract diseases above the bladder triangle in the total hematuria, and there are more causes of hematuria, such as urinary tract infections, stones, kidney, tumors, and some systemic diseases, all of which may cause hematuria. The cause of hematuria needs to be diagnosed and then treated.
Risk
The symptoms of hematuria may indicate the potential of some serious diseases, such as tumors, stones, systemic diseases, kidney diseases, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to timely examination of the cause of the disease, as some diseases may be fatal if prolonged!