Diabetic hyperalgesia may be caused by diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which is mostly irreversible and usually cannot be recovered, but symptoms can be relieved by active blood glucose control, improvement of neuropathy and other treatments. Diabetes mellitus can involve any part of the nervous system and has a complex etiology that may involve atherosclerotic vascular disease and microangiopathy, metabolic factors, autoimmune mechanisms, and growth factor deficiencies. The most common form of diabetic neuropathy is distal peripheral neuropathy, which is usually preceded by sensory abnormalities and may be accompanied by nociceptive hypersensitivity and pain. Nerve cells are exposed to high glucose for a long time, which affects their cellular metabolism and gradually loses normal function. The main treatment for diabetes mellitus is to control blood glucose within the normal range and to reduce and delay the occurrence of complications. Prolonged high blood glucose is very harmful to the neurovascular system, so it is important to control blood glucose strictly. It is recommended to go to the local regular hospital to receive professional doctor’s guidance and treatment when the symptoms of diabetes mellitus appear, so as to avoid delaying the condition.