Recently CCTV news channel announced a plastic surgery risk factor, in which liposuction is considered to be the highest risk factor among plastic surgery projects, so what is the danger of liposuction surgery and how is its safety guaranteed?
What is liposuction?
Traditional negative pressure liposuction is performed by injecting a swelling solution under the skin to dissolve and separate the fat, and then the swollen and broken fat cells are suctioned out by a negative pressure liposuction needle, thus achieving the purpose of slimming and shaping the body. With the development of technology, it is now also possible to separate the broken fat cells by various means such as ultrasound, laser, resonance, etc., and then extract them by negative pressure liposuction needles.
What are all the possible adverse reactions after liposuction?
In the process of liposuction, the liposuction needle has to be operated back and forth in the fat layer, because the fat layer is immediately above the dermis, if the doctor is inexperienced or improperly operated, it is likely to damage the blood vessels and nerves, thus causing a series of adverse reactions.
1. Skin scars and pigmentation
If the intensity of liposuction is not appropriate, it may lead to scarring and hyperpigmentation.
2, Bleeding and edema
The edema and bleeding after liposuction are usually caused by the lymphatic and vascular damage caused by the suction tube during the operation, which can be absorbed by the body within two weeks.
3.Numbness and pain in the operation area
Skin pain and numbness after liposuction are caused by temporary traumatic sensory neuritis, which can be gradually recovered within six months.
4.Infection and skin necrosis
Infection is a common complication of surgical procedures, and serious infection or damage to the skin nutrient vessels can cause skin necrosis. Therefore, the surgeon should strictly control the indications for surgery and ensure aseptic operation, and also pay attention to the class allergic reaction caused by lidocaine in the swelling solution.
5, unevenness of the surgical area
Temporary unevenness in the operated area after liposuction is common in the early stage, and can be improved after half a year of pressure shaping; if unevenness still exists after half a year, it means that the suction is not uniform and is a permanent deformity, which needs to be repaired by surgery.
6.Left and right asymmetry
The asymmetry of the left and right torso after liposuction indicates that the suction volume on both sides of the torso is not equal. The surgeon should place the suction on both sides in different containers during the liposuction operation to compare the suction volume on both sides.
How to guarantee safe and effective liposuction?
As a surgeon, it is necessary to do a good pre-operative examination, to strictly grasp the indications for surgery, and to resolutely not operate on people who are not suitable for liposuction.
1, the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys and other major organ function decreases, can not tolerate the surgery.
2.People who have psychological barriers, high expectations and harsh requirements for their own shape.
3. Those with severe skin laxity and too little subcutaneous fat.
4.People who are allergic to anesthetics and those who have a history of drug abuse such as drug addiction and heavy smoking.
5.Persons with local skin inflammation or more scarring.
6.Women during menstruation, lactation and pregnancy.
7.People who are morbidly obese or obese based on other diseases should first treat the primary disease.
8.Patients with unstable or difficult to control diseases, such as hypertension or hyperglycemia.
9.Minors under 18 years old.
All of these people are not suitable for liposuction surgery.
Because the fat layer is immediately above the dermis, improper operation is likely to cause damage to blood vessels and nerves, which requires a certain thickness of fat in the area of liposuction, so certain parts of our body cannot be liposuctioned, such as the front and outside of the calf and forearm. These parts are mainly muscles and have little fat. Even if fat suction is done, the result will not be good and it will easily lead to nerve and blood vessel damage. In addition, there are some parts of the human body where liposuction must be done carefully, such as the face and calves. Careless operation or inexperience can easily lead to skin necrosis, unevenness and other problems in these areas.
In addition, liposuction should be performed according to the principle of “little and often”. With fewer areas to be suctioned, there will be less trauma, faster recovery, less pain, and no need for general anesthesia. The swelling solution used for liposuction contains lidocaine and epinephrine, and the amount of subcutaneous swelling solution injected depends on the amount of fluid to be aspirated. When the ratio of the two is 1:1, this will replenish the amount of fluid lost and also provide hemostasis and pain relief. A large amount of clinical experience shows that when swelling fluid is injected into the superficial subcutaneous fat, the safe dose of lidocaine can reach 50 mg/kg. Therefore, if the total amount of swelling fluid exceeds 3000 ml, the amount of lidocaine contained in it will reach the limit of the human body. For the safe and rational use of lidocaine, the surgeon must be fully familiar with the pharmacokinetics of the dilute swelling solution injected subcutaneously, and the anesthesiologist should limit the amount of intraoperative intravenous rehydration. If multiple sites are injected simultaneously, the patient may experience abnormalities such as elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, or even cardiac arrest. Therefore, during liposuction, the amount of swelling solution should be moderate; the more liposuction, the greater the amount of medication used, which relatively also increases the risk. In addition, large area fat extraction is a very labor-intensive job for plastic surgeons, and they are easily fatigued. Even if life safety problems do not occur, fatigue may lead to a decrease in the accuracy of extraction, which in turn may affect the surgical results.