Pediatric night emergencies and outpatient clinics often see children who come in for abdominal pain. They may be a few months old, or a third or fourth grader. Either they are in pain or they have their hands over their stomachs with painful expressions. Parents are often more anxious. So what can cause abdominal pain? What can parents do at home? When is it necessary to go to the hospital? What might be checked at the hospital? First, the possible causes of abdominal pain are different for children of different ages. There are dozens of diseases that cause abdominal pain in pediatric medicine and surgery. When a child has abdominal pain, you need to observe whether there is vomiting or diarrhea, the nature and number of stools, and whether there are accompanying symptoms such as fever, dyspnea, and poor spirits. For children younger than half a year old, the possible manifestation of abdominal pain is paroxysmal crying. In addition, children younger than 4 years of age have inaccurate localization of abdominal pain, and it is often the case that “headache refers to the foot and foot pain refers to the head”. Therefore, parents should observe carefully at home and ask their children patiently to facilitate the examination during the consultation and to shorten the consultation time appropriately. Secondly, what kind of situation requires a hospital visit? If the child is a kindergartener or elementary school student and has abdominal pain that occurs intermittently for less than a week, with paroxysmal onset, and quickly resolves on its own, the child can usually be seen during normal clinic hours. If your child is younger than 3 months old, if he/she has frequent vomiting, diarrhea, or bloody stools, if he/she has repeated high fever, if he/she has poor mental status, if he/she has headache, or if he/she has a cough, then he/she should be seen by a doctor as soon as possible. Of course, if the child is already in kindergarten class or elementary school and has sudden abdominal pain, make sure to ask the child if he or she has had a bowel movement today, and if not, assist with the bowel movement and then observe. If he or she does not have a bowel movement, ask him or her if he or she has had a bowel movement today. Finally, if the child does need to go to the hospital. The first thing to do is to calm the child, because children are more emotionally distressed when they have abdominal pain. A relatively stable mood of the child and parents is more conducive to the doctor’s consultation and examination and to make a preliminary judgment as soon as possible. Possible tests include abdominal ultrasound, blood tests, standing abdominal plain film, air enema, gastroscopy and so on. Assisting the child to cooperate with various tests as soon as possible can clarify the diagnosis more quickly.