Coronary artery disease is currently the number one threat to human health. In order to restore myocardial ischemia caused by atheromatous plaque blockage, human beings have made a relentless quest. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a landmark invention in the history of human cardiac surgery. Today, it is the most common and effective treatment for coronary artery disease. In 1946, Canadian surgeon Vineberg buried a free internal mammary artery into the myocardium with the expectation that the blood flow from the internal mammary artery would form a collateral circulation with the ischemic myocardium to relieve myocardial ischemia. This was very controversial at the time. It was not until 1953 that Dr. Sones at Cleveland Medical Center invented coronary angiography and discovered that collateral circulation between the internal mammary artery and the myocardium did exist in patients who underwent the Vineberg procedure. In 1962 Sabiston and in 1964 Garrett performed anastomoses in the ascending aorta with the right coronary artery and the left anterior descending coronary artery, respectively, using the saphenous vein, and the latter performed an angiogram 7 years later and found that the grafted saphenous vein was still patent . But neither realized that their invention was revolutionary and laid the foundation for the subsequent development of coronary surgery. The first modern bypass surgery was performed in 1967 by Favaloro, an Argentinean surgeon, who anastomosed one end of the saphenous vein to the ascending aorta and the other end to the distal end of the stenotic segment of the coronary artery, thus bringing bypass surgery to the stage of clinical application. Kolessov, a former Soviet physician, first used the internal mammary artery as a graft vessel for bypass surgery in 1964. Currently, the use of the left internal mammary artery to recanalize the anterior descending artery has become the standard procedure of bypass surgery. It has been proved that the long-term effect of using artery as graft material is far better than that of vein, and the 10-year patency rate can reach more than 90%, so it has become the trend of bypass surgery to use artery as much as possible when selecting vascular material. However, arterial materials are limited in source and cannot yet completely replace the saphenous vein in bypass surgery. The saphenous vein is still the most used graft vessel due to its wide source and easy access. However, the biggest disadvantage of the vein as a graft material is that the long-term patency rate is lower than that of the artery, with a 5-year patency rate of less than 50%. At the same time, the traditional extraction method is to cut along the entire length of the saphenous vein, which is more traumatic. The recent emergence of lumpectomy-assisted harvesting of the saphenous vein has solved this problem to the maximum extent, as it uses a no-contact technique to ensure the integrity of the collected vessels, while a 2 cm-sized incision near the knee joint can be made to harvest the entire vessel, minimizing trauma to the leg and effectively avoiding the adverse effects associated with traditional methods. Since the 1970s, bypass surgery has experienced minimally invasive surgical methods such as intermittent block of the ascending aorta under extracorporeal circulation with hypothermic ventricular fibrillation, block of the ascending aorta under extracorporeal circulation with cardiac arrest, to non-extracorporeal cardiac nonstop bypass under normothermia, small incision nonstop bypass, thoracoscopy, and robot-assisted bypass. The continuous improvement of surgical methods has made the surgery safer, less traumatic and faster recovery. Ultimately, the majority of patients with coronary heart disease can receive the most secure and effective treatment.