Surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis

       It is well known that most patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) respond well to medication, but about 25 to 33% may still require surgical treatment at some point in the disease. In general, when UC progresses to a severe form, when various medications are ineffective, when there is chronic hormone dependence, when there is concurrent bleeding, perforation, and toxic megacolon it is often necessary to seek the help of a surgeon to surgically remove the troublesome colorectum.  There are currently two main types of UC surgery: one involves removal of the entire colon as well as the rectum, and an ileostomy for fecal evacuation. This procedure can cure the disease, but the patient must live with the ileostomy for the rest of his or her life. The other is to remove the entire colon and rectum, keep the anal canal, and use the ileum as a storage pouch (to store feces and reduce the frequency of diarrhea) and connect the pouch to the anal canal, this procedure is called IPAA and is the most used procedure in Europe and America. This avoids a lifelong ileostomy, but there is a certain risk of recurrence and cancer. Both procedures have their own advantages and disadvantages, and patients should choose the appropriate procedure according to their situation under the guidance of a professional surgeon.  Many patients with recurrent and poorly treated UC refuse surgery because they do not understand the procedure, are concerned about postoperative complications, and cannot find a surgical team that specializes in this procedure. surgery for UC is very common in Europe and the United States, but there are still few centers in China that perform surgical treatment for UC. Both patient and physician reasons have led to less than 5% of UC surgeries in China, far below the foreign level, and many patients have poor quality of life.  The surgery was completed in two stages, one with resection of the colorectum and completion of storage pouch reconstruction and protective stoma, and the second with return of the stoma. Considering that the patient was young, unmarried and had high requirements for appearance, we adopted a completely laparoscopic surgical approach to complete the operation. No surgical incision was made except for the “hole” where the surgical instruments enter and exit the abdominal cavity, and the resected intestine was completely removed from the “hole” and a protective stoma was completed at the “hole”, minimizing the surgical trauma. The surgical trauma was minimized to the greatest extent. After the surgery, the patient recovered well and got rid of the troubles caused by bloody stools all day long, and his quality of life was greatly improved.