Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is caused by the rupture of diaphragmatic hernia due to trauma and the disease of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity, and is an acute thoracic surgical condition, often combined with thoracoabdominal organ damage or severe respiratory and circulatory disorders. The incidence of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia accounts for 0.8%-2.5% of thoracic trauma and 4.5% of combined thoracoabdominal injury; with the recent rapid development of industry and transportation, the incidence of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia has a tendency to increase. Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is a disease prone to delayed diagnosis, and its high rate of delayed diagnosis is mainly due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations of this disease, and the lack of awareness and vigilance of clinicians about this disease. Untimely clinical diagnosis and treatment or improper management can often lead to serious consequences. Acute diaphragmatic rupture resulting in abdominal organ disease into the thoracic cavity can cause significant decompensation of cardiac and pulmonary function. This is because the abdominal organs in the thoracic cavity will not only compress the affected lung and affect diaphragm movement, but also cause mediastinal displacement, compressing the healthy lung and reducing the amount of cardiac blood return and cardiac output, leading to shock and decreased gas exchange function. If the disease enters the organ with symptoms such as obstruction, stenosis or even necrosis and perforation, it will further complicate and worsen the condition. Clinically, the site of injury and signs should be analyzed together. The presence of both respiratory and digestive symptoms is an important indication of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. Typical signs are diminished or absent respiratory sounds on the affected side, a tympanic or turbid sound on percussion and combined with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and other digestive symptoms. Diaphragmatic injury is not self-healing, regardless of size, so once the diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture is clear, surgery should be performed in a timely manner as long as the patient can tolerate surgery under the premise of treating life-threatening trauma and shock. The surgical route depends on the patient’s thoracic and abdominal injuries, and according to the principle of treating the fatal injuries first and then the minor ones, the operation should be simple and effective. Old diaphragmatic hernia should be treated with emphasis on the diaphragmatic defect. Surgical procedures can be either open or lumpectomy. Open surgery includes transthoracic approach and transabdominal approach, while lumpectomy includes laparoscopic approach, thoracoscopic approach, and combined open and lumpectomy approaches. Due to the popularity and improvement of minimally invasive surgical techniques, experienced hospitals can choose laparoscopic approach, which is less invasive and has faster recovery.