Refractive error, strabismus, and amblyopia are common childhood diseases in ophthalmology, mostly related to congenital development. Strabismus seriously harms vision development and can cause loss of stereoscopic function, thus not being able to accurately judge the distance, height, etc. between objects. Because the damage of strabismus is a long-term progressive process, it is easily ignored by parents, thus delaying the best time for treatment. Amblyopia is also the most common disease in childhood, with a high incidence of the disease, accounting for 2% to 3% of the total percentage of children. Since childhood is a critical period for visual development, these eye diseases that occur during childhood are extremely harmful to children’s vision development. Many eye diseases that are not cured during childhood will not only affect children’s learning and life, but will also cause lifelong disability of the eyes. If children with strabismus and amblyopia can be treated promptly and effectively during their growth and development, they will achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, early detection and treatment are crucial for children with strabismus and amblyopia. If the treatment is delayed, it will be difficult for the eyes to restore binocular vision such as stereopsis, which will seriously affect the child’s future career choice. We would like to remind parents that if they find that their children have decreased vision or squinting, head tilting or eye tilting, they should take their children to the hospital for examination in time, and the best effect of treatment starts before school age, the older the age, the worse the effect.