In differentiated thyroid carcinoma (papillary and follicular carcinoma), there is no uniformity in the surgical approach to one side of the carcinoma (without lateral neck lymph node metastasis): 1. Total thyroidectomy + lymph node dissection in the affected central region. 2.Subtotal thyroidectomy (i.e. total thyroidectomy of the affected lobe + isthmus + lymph node dissection of the affected central region): Reasons for advocating the first procedure: it helps to perform further postoperative iodine-131 nail cleanup or treatment of metastases; it helps to monitor the recurrence and metastasis of nail cancer by detecting thyroglobulin after surgery; it reduces the death rate; it reduces the recurrence rate; it reduces the risk of pulmonary metastasis; it solves the multifocal tumor at once The reasons for advocating the second procedure are: according to statistics, it is not common for cancer to appear in the contralateral gland after surgery, which is about 1.5% to 4.6%, and once it appears, re-operative resection does not affect its cure rate and survival rate; the incidence of complications such as hypoparathyroidism and laryngeal nerve injury is lower, which improves patients’ quality of life. We generally advocate the second type of surgery, but in case of one of the following conditions and patient compliance, we advocate total bilobar thyroidectomy: age older than 45 years; multifocal cancer on one side of the gland; large diameter of cancer foci, usually larger than 1 cm; invasion of cancer foci to surrounding tissues such as the thyroid gland being touched, trachea and esophagus. The standard surgical treatment for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (papillary and follicular carcinoma) is total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection in the central region when the carcinoma is bilateral (without lateral neck lymph node metastasis), and further iodine-131 treatment is possible after surgery. Most of the undifferentiated thyroid cancers are not treated surgically, but local radiotherapy and chemotherapy palliative treatment are available, but they are not effective.