Temporomandibular joint disorder syndrome is one of the most common diseases of the oral and maxillofacial region, and is the most common of the temporomandibular joint diseases. TMD generally has three types of symptoms: myalgia in the temporomandibular joint area and/or masticatory muscles; abnormal jaw movements and associated dysfunction; and joint popping, crushing sounds and murmurs. TMD is mostly a functional disorder, but it can also involve structural disorders of the joint or even organic damage, but it is generally self-limiting and belongs to the musculoskeletal disorders. The causes of TMJ disorders have not been fully elucidated, and most scholars have proposed factors related to the development of the disease based on experimental and clinical studies, and they all believe that the disease is multifactorial, and are generally considered to be related to the following factors. 1, psychosocial factors. Patients often have emotional anxiety, irritability, mental tension, easily agitated and insomnia and other psychiatric symptoms, some patients can be obvious that there is a causal relationship between mental and emotional factors and the onset of the disease, and in patients with chronic prolonged disease, the influence of mental factors on the recurrence of symptoms can also be found. 2. Dental factors. Clinical examination of patients with TMD often reveals obvious dental factors, including interference, early cusp contact, severe clenching, deep overdentures, absence of most posterior teeth and excessive wear of the dentition surface resulting in low vertical distance. 3. Immunological factors. Immunological studies have shown that the main components of articular cartilage such as collagen polysaccharides and chondrocytes are antigenic. Because articular cartilage is wrapped in matrix, it is isolated from the vascular system from embryo to adult and becomes a closed antigen, which cannot be recognized by the autoimmune system. Related experimental studies indicate that TMD also involves cellular immunity. 4. Excessive joint loading. Moderate weight-bearing is necessary to maintain the normal structure, function and physiological alterations of the joints and is of great importance. However, excessive weight bearing, beyond the physiological limits can cause degenerative changes or even damage to the joint. 5. Anatomical factors of the joint. From a functional point of view, the TMJ has evolved with human beings to make the joints and jaws more dexterous in order to adapt to the more complex jaw movements of speech and expression. Because of this, the corresponding joints and muscle ligaments have become significantly weaker from an anatomical standpoint, and the weight-bearing capacity of the joints has decreased. This increase in the type, flexibility and range of joint movements in humans is a potential threat to the temporomandibular joint with weakened anatomy. 6. Other factors. Cold stimulation of the joint area, poor posture causing muscle dysfunction and affecting the normal position of the mandible and condyles are also factors that induce TMJ disorders. Prevention and treatment principles 1. Conservative treatment is the main treatment, using a combination of symptomatic treatment and elimination or reduction of curative factors. For example, a reduce and eliminate dental trauma (dental pads, orthodontics); reduce the frequency of eating hard food; b weaken and eliminate autoimmune reactions, such as intra-articular immune complex cleaning, intra-articular corticosteroid injection. 2.Improve the general condition and the patient’s mental state, including active psychological support treatment. 3. Patients should be educated about medical care so that they can self-medicate, self-protect their joints, and change poor lifestyle behaviors. 4.Follow a reasonable and logical treatment procedure. 5.The treatment procedure should start with reversible conservative treatment (medication, physiotherapy, closure and dental version, etc.); then with irreversible conservative treatment (teeth adjustment, orthodontic treatment, etc.); and finally with arthroscopic surgery and various surgical treatments.