For ureteral stones, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is generally used for treatment, but ureteral stones with stones larger than 1 cm in transverse diameter or stones that have failed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can be treated minimally invasively with ureteroscopic techniques. Ureteral stones near the bladder are lithotripsed by transurethral ureteroscopy, while ureteral stones near the kidneys can be treated by minimally invasive percutaneous transluminal ureteroscopy. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy uses a fine mirror of about 2 to 3 mm in diameter, which is inserted into the ureter through the urethra and bladder to crush and remove ureteral stones or kidney stones. It uses the natural lumen of the human urinary system without making any incision in the body, and is a purely minimally invasive urological lumpectomy procedure. It is suitable for all kinds of ureteral stones and some kidney stones for which conservative treatment has failed. Compared with open surgery, ureteroscopic lithotripsy has the advantages of less damage, less pain and faster recovery. However, ureterolithotripsy is also a very technical procedure. The human ureter is about 25 cm long and its diameter is only 3 to 4 mm. It is a challenge to find the stone and break it up through the ureteroscope. There are still surgical risks of stone displacement, ureteral perforation, urinary extravasation, ureteral rupture, infection, and even kidney rupture during ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Therefore, very careful and standardized operation techniques are required. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy uses pneumatic ballistics or holmium laser to break up the stones, which are not removed at once and need to be slowly expelled from the body.