Chest tightness and chest pain can be caused by a variety of diseases, the most common of which are diseases of the cardiovascular system, including coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertensive crisis, hypertensive emergencies, aortic coarctation and so on. In addition, diseases related to the respiratory system, such as pneumonia, pleurisy, pleural effusion, etc., can also cause chest tightness and chest pain. Diseases of the blood system, such as leukemia, can cause chest pain. Diseases of the digestive system, such as gastroduodenal ulcer disease, can also cause chest tightness and chest pain. Therefore, for chest tightness and chest pain, a systematic differential diagnosis is needed. For acute chest pain, attention should be paid to the differential diagnosis, such as pneumothorax, aortic coarctation, acute pulmonary embolism, coronary artery disease, and acute coronary syndrome, and timely and effective treatment can relieve chest tightness and chest pain and can improve the prognosis of patients.