Upper limb lymphedema is one of the most common complications after axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer, while lower limb lymphedema is mainly secondary to pelvic lymph node dissection for gynecologic cancers. Due to the vicious cycle of self-exacerbation in its lymphedema pathogenesis, there is no effective prevention method. Conservative therapies such as massage, compression and microwave are effective for patients with mild cases. For patients with moderate or severe disease for whom conservative treatment is ineffective, lymphedema gradually worsens, leading to recurrent lymphangitis, cellulitis, limb swelling and deformation and functional impairment, which seriously affects patients’ quality of life. Special treatment measures: 1.Ultra-microscopic lymph and vein anastomosis Application of ultra-microscopic technology to anastomose micro-vein and micro-lymphatic vessels to reconstruct lymphatic return pathways. 2.Free lymph node transplantation The tissue flap of inguinal, chest wall, sub-chin and mandibular lymph nodes is free transplanted to the limb with lymphedema, and the lymphatic fluid between the tissues is drained into the venous return flow through the “pump” of the transplanted lymph nodes. For cases with short onset and mild histopathology, ultramicroscopic lymphatic and venous anastomosis or free lymph node grafting can be effective. In cases with long duration of disease, severe histopathology, or when ultramicroscopic lymphatic and venous anastomosis is ineffective, free lymph node transplantation is feasible.