Thyroid cancer accounts for 1% of all tumors, and its incidence has been on the rise in recent years. Differentiated thyroid cancer can be classified into differentiated and undifferentiated types, and differentiated thyroid cancer can be classified into papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer, which together account for more than 90% of all thyroid cancers; medullary thyroid cancer accounts for about 5%, and undifferentiated thyroid cancer accounts for only 3%. Thyroid cancer has low malignancy, slow progression and good prognosis. After surgery, almost 90% of thyroid cancer can survive for a long time, especially the early cure rate is high. Papillary thyroid cancer accounts for the majority of thyroid cancer, about 60-70%, and is more common in women and patients under 40 years old. It has a low malignancy, slow progression and good prognosis. Long-term use of levothyroxine after surgical treatment can lead to long-term survival. Follicular adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland accounts for 15-20% of thyroid cancer. It is mostly seen in middle-aged women, prone to distant metastasis and has a moderate malignancy. Medullary thyroid carcinoma accounts for 5-10% of thyroid carcinoma. Sometimes, symptoms not related to the clinical manifestation of the disease may appear, such as diarrhea, facial flushing and sweating, asthma and headache. This is due to the secretion of biologically active substances by the cancer cells. Other manifestations are similar to general thyroid cancer. The prognosis is good, if the diagnosis and treatment are timely and the surgery is thorough, the 10-year survival rate can be over 82%. Undifferentiated thyroid cancer accounts for about 8% of thyroid cancer and is highly malignant. It is characterized by sudden enlargement of the lump in front of the neck and rapid appearance of symptoms such as dyspnea, dysphagia and hoarseness. It is poorly treated, develops rapidly, and has a poor prognosis. A few patients with early detection can obtain 10-year survival rate if treated timely and operated thoroughly, otherwise, the prognosis is poor. The survival of thyroid cancer is related to many factors, such as age, gender, pathological type, extent of lesion, metastasis and surgical method, among which pathological type is the most important. Patients after surgery should have regular visits in endocrinology to measure thyroid function, suppressive therapy with levothyroxine, and control TSH index in different ranges according to dual risk assessment to obtain long-term control and avoid recurrence. Well-differentiated papillary and follicular carcinomas are low-grade cancers with good prognosis, and the vast majority of patients can expect to be cured if treatment is timely and reasonable.