Surgical treatment of SCLC The theoretical basis of surgical treatment of SCLC: it can effectively control local recurrence, and can destroy tumor cells that are insensitive to radiotherapy; it will not aggravate the side effects of chemotherapy and will not limit the dose of chemotherapy. At present, there are two modes of SCLC surgical treatment: 1. surgery + chemotherapy; 2. chemotherapy + surgery. In a foreign study, 132 SCLC patients underwent radical surgery, and the overall 5-year survival rate was 23%, including 28-60% for T1-2N0 patients, 9-31% for T1-2N1 patients, and 3.6% for T3 or N2 patients. The 5-year survival rate of SCLC patients treated with chemotherapy after surgery was reported to be 9-83%, but due to the lack of randomized controlled trials in large samples, no definite conclusion can be made on the comparison of the treatment effect of chemotherapy after surgery and radiotherapy + chemotherapy. Since distant metastases are the main cause of treatment failure in SCLC, surgery is theoretically more effective in patients who are treated effectively with chemotherapy. A study by the University of Toronto showed that the combination of chemotherapy + surgery had a higher survival rate than radiation + chemotherapy for patients with stage I SCLC, and the LCSG study concluded that there was no difference in median survival or survival between the chemotherapy + surgery and chemotherapy + radiation groups. Therefore, it is currently considered that a combination therapy including surgery can be administered to patients with stage I and II SCLC (especially stage I patients).