The flow of blood from the anterior or posterior nostril is called epistaxis, also known as rhinorrhea. Epistaxis is a common emergency. It can occur at any age. The severity of the bleeding is related to the rate and amount of bleeding. Sometimes the bleeding is not much, but the patient’s panic and nervousness at the sight of blood coming out of the nostrils can aggravate the condition.
The clinical manifestations are diverse. In some cases, the blood flows from the anterior nostril and can be visually detected as bleeding from the nostril, while in some cases the bleeding flows from the posterior nostril into the pharynx, and in some cases the bleeding is from both anterior and posterior nostrils. Sometimes, the bleeding from one nasal cavity can flow to the other nasal cavity through the nasopharynx and appear as bilateral nasal bleeding at the same time. When the bleeding volume is small, it is only blood in the snot, but when the bleeding volume is large, the blood gushes out from both nasal cavities. If epistaxis occurs when the patient is lying down and head is tilted back, most of the blood may flow backward into the pharynx and be swallowed, then vomited, and a small portion is vomited out through the mouth, showing simultaneous bleeding from the mouth and nose. When the bleeding is small, the patient has no obvious discomfort. When the bleeding is large and fast, the patient may have symptoms of shock or pre-shock such as panic, pale face, thirst, cold sweat and irritability.
Nasal bleeding is an emergency, and treatment should first maintain vital signs, stop bleeding as quickly as possible, and treat the cause.
1. Do not let the patient lie on his back when he has a nosebleed, because blood will flow from the back wall of the throat into the esophagus and stomach when lying on his back, and will soon be vomited out from the stomach again. This conceals the true image of nasal bleeding, mistaking it for no bleeding, but in fact it does not really stop bleeding. Pay attention to keep the airway open to prevent accidental aspiration of blood.
2. The best way is to stop the bleeding by compression. Because the site of nasal bleeding is mostly under the front of the nasal septum, squeeze the nose with your finger toward the septum to compress the bleeding site. Patients with normal coagulation function will soon stop bleeding, compression to stop bleeding only takes about 2-3 minutes time, the nose put ice packs cold.
3, do not use paper rolls, cotton, which not only can not stop the bleeding effect, and unclean paper rolls and cotton will also cause inflammation.
4, in addition to the above reasons, the climate is also an important external factors. The northern climate is dry, especially in winter and spring wind, the nasal mucosa is easy to rupture bleeding. For this reason, the winter indoor should be wetted, the use of humidifiers, heating, stove on the water basin can achieve the purpose of increasing humidity.
5, often nosebleed patients, should treat the relevant diseases, but also in the dry season or the usual way to prevent nosebleeds with the application of oil. That is, use paraffin oil, glycerin swabs coated nasal cavity, especially the nasal septum area, which is a good way to prevent nasal dryness and nasal bleeding.
6.If the amount of bleeding is large and the above methods are not effective, you should go to the hospital in time to check whether other diseases exist.
7.The parts of the sick child contaminated with blood should be cleaned up in time, and the clothes contaminated with blood should be replaced in time.