Pelvic inflammatory disease, abbreviated as PID, refers to a group of infectious diseases of the upper female reproductive tract, mainly including endometritis, tubal inflammation, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pelvic peritonitis. Inflammation may be confined to one site or may involve several sites at the same time, with tubal inflammation and tubo-ovarian inflammation being the most common. The pathogens of pelvic inflammatory disease include exogenous and endogenous pathogens, often mixed infections, and occur mostly in sexually active, menstruating women. Clinical manifestations are asymptomatic or only lower abdominal pain and increased vaginal discharge in mild cases, or fever or with digestive and urinary symptoms in severe cases. Diagnostic criteria: gynecological examination is the minimum criterion, laboratory tests are additional criteria, and pathological or imaging tests are specific criteria. Treatment is based on antibiotic therapy and, if necessary, surgery. Principles of antibiotic treatment: empirical, broad-spectrum, timely and individualized. The selection of antibiotics based on drug sensitivity tests is more reasonable, but antibiotic therapy usually needs to be given before laboratory results are obtained; therefore, initial treatment is often based on empirical selection of broad-spectrum antibiotics and combination drugs. Pelvic inflammatory diseases are the most common infectious diseases of the upper female genital tract, which, if not treated promptly and thoroughly, can lead to infertility, tubal pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and recurrent inflammation, thus seriously affecting women’s reproductive health and increasing the economic burden on families and society.