Thrombocytopenia is a common state in hematology and a cause for concern. What should patients be aware of when thrombocytopenia occurs? How to care for patients when thrombocytopenia? 1, general care comfortable environment, room ventilation 2 times / day, ultraviolet radiation 30min, 2 times / day. Patients should rest in bed during acute attack, avoid strenuous activities and trauma causing bleeding. Give high-calorie, high-protein, high-vitamin diet, semi-liquid or soft food, the temperature should not be too high, eat more vegetables and fruits (washed and peeled) to prevent constipation. Do not eat raw, hard, spicy products. 2.Actively prevent and treat bleeding (1) Skin and mucous membrane bleeding. Observe daily, if new petechiae or new petechiae are found, report to the physician promptly, and record the site, size, quantity and time. Keep the bed sheet clean, dry and flat, keep the skin clean, bathe and change clothes regularly, cut nails regularly, avoid scratching the skin. Wear cotton loose-fitting clothes as much as possible to avoid bleeding caused by skin irritation. ( 2) Epistaxis. Keep the room quiet, clean and comfortable, with fresh air. Avoid dry, dirty or irritating odors. At the same time, keep the nasal cavity moist to prevent dryness and cracking from aggravating bleeding, and instruct patients not to dig their noses with their hands. (3) Oral mucosa and gingival bleeding. Strengthen oral care, prevent oral infection, and instruct patients to brush their teeth with a soft-haired toothbrush. Do not pick teeth with toothpicks to prevent gum damage. Keep the oral cavity clean and rinse the mouth regularly. The gums and tongue are prone to blood blisters, and small blood blisters usually do not need treatment. For large blood blisters that affect eating, a sterile empty needle can be used to aspirate the accumulated blood, and local pressure can be applied to the gauze roll until the bleeding stops. When the gums are bleeding, epinephrine or gelatin sponge sheet can be used to dress the gums, and saline or 1% hydrogen peroxide can be used to remove the old blood clots in the mouth in time to avoid oral odor and affect appetite and mood. 3, emergency care (1) gastrointestinal bleeding care. If there is abdominal pain, vomiting, blood in stool, suggesting possible gastrointestinal bleeding; dizziness, increased respiratory pulse, decreased blood pressure, sweating, pale face aggravated, suggesting hemorrhagic shock. The physician should be notified promptly and the patient should be put to bed absolutely. If vomiting blood, the head should be tilted to the side to keep the airway open and prevent asphyxia. Observe closely the color, volume, shape and frequency of vomit and stool, keep detailed records, and measure blood pressure and pulse rate at any time. In the acute stage, fasting is given, and when the bleeding stops, a liquid diet is given, with the food temperature not exceeding 50℃, and later on, semi-liquid and soft meals are gradually introduced. (2) Intracranial hemorrhage care. If the patient has severe headache, vomiting, blurred vision, neck straightening, or even impaired consciousness, it means that the patient has intracranial hemorrhage, immediately give oxygen, take a flat position, keep the airway unobstructed, and notify the physician to do all the resuscitation work, apply hemostatic drugs and drugs to lower the intracranial pressure as prescribed by the doctor. Give ice bag or ice cap to the head, closely observe the changes of blood pressure, pulse, respiration, pupil and consciousness. Observe the changes of consciousness and pupils after applying dehydration drugs, observe whether there are signs of bleeding from other important organs, and monitor the platelet count at the same time. If the patient is excessively agitated, it will aggravate the cranial hemorrhage, so give appropriate amount of sedative according to the doctor’s prescription, and pay attention to avoid excessive sedation, which may affect the observation of the condition.