Cauda equina syndrome is a cluster of symptoms that includes: lower back pain, unilateral or bilateral sciatica, muscle weakness in the lower extremities, sensory abnormalities, vesicorectal dysfunction, and numbness in the saddle area. Cauda equina syndrome is due to acute or chronic compression of the cauda equina nerve root. Common causes include large central lumbar disc herniations, spinal stenosis, epidural hematomas, spinal tumors, and fractures. This syndrome can result in permanent motor dysfunction and fecal incontinence. Therefore, once diagnosed, this syndrome should be treated as a surgical emergency and may lead to irreversible neurological damage if surgical decompression is not performed in a timely manner.