Lymphatic Malformations (LMs) are traditionally called lymphangioleiomyomata, but in 1995 Waner and Suen proposed lymphangioleiomyomata as a type of vascular malformation and called them lymphangioleiomyomata. Throughout the pathology, there is no clonal proliferation in the number of endothelial cells and their morphology and function appear normal, only the diameter of the lumen of the lymphatic vessels changes. According to their size, they are classified as microcystic (cystic lumen <2cm3), macrocystic (cystic lumen ≥2cm3), and mixed types. The pathogenesis is thought to be a congenital malformation of lymphatic duct development or some cause of local obstruction of lymphatic fluid drainage and retention of lymphatic fluid leading to abnormal expansion and proliferation of lymphatic ducts. Lymphatic duct malformation is a rare congenital developmental abnormality of the lymphatic system that occurs in infants and young children. 80% to 90% of the cases occur in children within 2 years of age, and the incidence of the disease is equal in both sexes, with no differences in gender or race, and can occur in all parts of the body, with about 75% in the head and neck. In addition to affecting the aesthetics, cystic lymphatic duct malformation in the head and neck of children mainly causes compression of the adjacent trachea, esophagus, blood vessels and nerves, thus endangering the patient's breathing and life. Lymphatic duct malformations are prone to intracapsular hemorrhage and infection, while lymphatic duct malformations located in the neck can cause respiratory distress or even death by asphyxiation if a hematoma forms and compresses the trachea. The treatment methods of lymphatic duct malformation include surgical resection, sclerotherapy, radiotherapy, laser, electrocoagulation, freezing, etc. Surgical resection includes complete resection, subtotal resection, partial resection, excision or aspiration of the lesion, but the current surgical treatment has its limitations: ① The lesion is seriously adhered to the surrounding tissues and is infiltrating growth, so the surgery is easy to damage the blood vessels and nerves; the difficulty of complete resection of the lesion is high (the rate of complete resection is only 66%). (2) high recurrence rate after surgery (15%-53%); (3) high incidence of postoperative complications (16%-46%); (4) local scar formation and disfigurement after surgery. Local sclerotherapy also has its limitations: ① only some patients are effective; ② microcystic lesions are less effective; ③ easy to recur, requiring repeated injections; ④ local scarring, adhesions, vascular nerve damage. Sclerotherapy such as alcohol, doxycycline, bleomycin and 0K-432 are ineffective for microcystic and mixed lesions, and are initially effective for macrocystic lesions, but are prone to recurrence and require repeated injections, and children even need lifelong sclerotherapy. In summary, the current treatment of lymphatic duct malformation faces the following difficulties: 1) how to deal with ineffective treatment and recurrent cases; 2) how to avoid the destruction of shape and function; 3) how to treat microcystic lesions in deep locations. In recent years, some overseas studies have reported the efficacy of oral medications for some lymphatic duct malformations. Therefore, the treatment of lymphatic duct malformations tends to be a combination of various means, and individualized treatment plans are developed according to the type, location, and size of the lesion, and treatment is tailored to the disease and the individual.