The female pelvis contains several organs such as the uterus, bilateral fallopian tubes, and bilateral ovaries, and adnexitis is a type of pelvic inflammatory disease and is one of the most common types in clinical practice. Ovarian tissue in the uterine adnexa is rarely inflamed alone because the white membrane on its surface is a good defense barrier. The ovaries are often adherent to the umbilical ends of the inflamed fallopian tubes and perivitellitis occurs, which is known as tubo-ovarianitis, or adnexitis. Inflammation can invade the ovarian parenchyma through the ovarian ovulation hole to form an ovarian abscess, and the wall of the abscess adheres to and penetrates the tubal pus to form a tubo-ovarian abscess. Abscesses can occur on one or both sides, and about half form after the initial onset of an identifiable acute pelvic inflammatory disease; the other part is formed by repeated acute episodes or repeated infections, which can break into the abdominal cavity to form diffuse peritonitis. Pelvic inflammatory disease, medically known as pelvic inflammatory disease, or PID, refers to a group of infectious diseases of the upper female genital tract, including mainly endometritis, tubal inflammation, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pelvic peritonitis. Inflammation can be confined to one site or involve several sites at the same time, with tubal inflammation and tubo-ovarian inflammation being the most common. When one of the fallopian tubes and ovaries is inflamed, it is called adnexitis, which is a type of pelvic inflammatory disease. If the acute attack is not treated promptly and thoroughly, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (medically known as pelvic inflammatory disease sequelae) may develop, manifesting as infertility, tubal pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain and recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease, which seriously affects women’s reproductive health and increases the economic burden on families and society.