Myopia among young people in China is becoming more and more serious and is developing at a younger age. According to the data show that the number of people wearing glasses has exceeded 300 million, China’s myopia patients have accounted for 33% of the world, 10% higher than the world average, the incidence of myopia among students in China is close to 60%, and the myopia rate among college students is far more than 70%. Protecting eyes and preventing myopia has become an urgent topic. First, how is myopia formed? There are two main reasons for the development of myopia, one is the growth of eyeballs caused by unclear retinal imaging when looking at a distance; the other is the growth of eyeballs caused by changes in the eye tissues when looking at a close distance with too much adjustment. The main reason leading to a significant increase in the incidence of myopia among Chinese adolescents is that adolescents are in a period of vigorous growth and development, the physiological function of the eye and the organization of the eye has different characteristics from other periods, strong regulation, the wall of the ball is more stretched, and is susceptible to the adverse effects of the environment and the formation of myopia. Prolonged watching TV, playing computer games, incorrect posture of reading and writing homework, etc., are the bad environment that can easily cause myopia in young people at this stage. Among them, watching TV is one of the most important causes of myopia in children. Staring at the TV for too long will produce eye fatigue, and excessive eye use is an important factor in the increase in the incidence of myopia in young people. Risk factors for myopia formation: 1. Gender: there are more females than males among students, with a ratio of 1:0.8. This may be due to the fact that females develop earlier, but the development of myopia stops earlier in females than in males. There is no difference in the prevalence of pathologic myopia between men and women; 2. Age: for acquired myopia, myopia increases with age, and simple myopia occurs mostly around 10 years old; 3. Race: Han Chinese, Daiwa, Jews, and Arabs are more common; in China, Han Chinese have the highest prevalence rate, followed by the Bai ethnic group and so on, and to a lesser extent, the Uyghur and Kazak ethnic groups, etc.; 4. Differences between the two eyes: the right eye seems to be more common than the left eye, and also more common than the left eye. Differences between the two eyes: the right eye seems to be more common than the left eye, and the degree of myopia is heavier than that of the left eye; 5. Regional differences: rural areas are lower than urban areas; 6. Substandard eyeglasses: inaccurate prescription, pupil distance, poor optical quality of lenses, etc.; 7. Others: improper sitting posture, wrong way of holding pens, poor lighting, bad reading habits, irrational dietary structure, partiality, poor mood; premature babies, low-birthweight babies, systemic diseases; poisoning; other diseases of the eye. Second, how to detect myopia in children at an early stage? People have always believed that vision loss comes “quietly”, until the blurring of vision is found, then it is already done. In fact, before vision loss, the occurrence of myopia has omens and signals. Some students read for a long time, the handwriting will overlap the serial, look up and then look at the object in front of you, there are if that is, floating unsteady feeling, some people in a long time to look at the distance and then move the eyesight to the near object, or long time to look at the near and then move to the distant object, there will be a short period of time in front of the phenomenon of blurring. These are eye ciliary muscle regulation failure performance, is caused by eye fatigue. Love squinting to see things, and complained of classes can not see the words on the blackboard, reading, writing books away from the books very close, and reading time is very easy to appear eye swelling, soreness and other visual fatigue phenomena, indicating that the child’s distance vision has been bad, this time you should take the child to the hospital for examination and early treatment. Conditions, it is best to take the child to the hospital on a regular basis to do a detailed eye examination, which will help early detection of myopia or other eye diseases, early correction and treatment. How to treat myopia? Eyeglasses treatment for myopia: 1. Frame glasses: frame glasses are the first choice for teenagers after diagnosis of myopia, but frame glasses can only correct vision and cannot control myopia development, progressive lenses, multifocal lenses, etc. have appeared in recent years, and their role in controlling myopia is still not certain; 2. Soft corneal contact lenses: commonly known as contact lenses, but due to the damage it may do to the cornea, the conjunctiva, teenage myopia patients must be careful! Rigid oxygen permeable corneal contact lenses (RGP): they can both correct vision and control or slow down the progression of myopia in adolescents with myopia, but their technical requirements for fitting are higher and the price is a bit expensive. RGP has been widely used and developed in foreign countries, the fitting rate of RGP among contact lens wearers is 55% in Japan, 40% in Europe and America, and 30% in Hong Kong and Taiwan, and the number of myopic patients wearing RGP in the domestic optometry clinics is also increasing year by year.RGP has been designated by the Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China as a “ten-year and one hundred items” promotion project (the only project in ophthalmology). RGP has been designated by the Ministry of Health of China as the promotion program of “100 items in 10 years” (the only program in ophthalmology). Medication for myopia: The most effective and commonly used medication is atropine, but its strong effect of paralyzing the ciliary muscle lasts for a long time and often affects students’ study. Other commonly used similar drugs include cyclopentolate, homatropine and tropicamide, but the common disadvantages are pupil dilation and photophobia, and loss of near vision. Other scholars believe that atropine has no significant effect on progressive myopia, and even if it is effective, it cannot yet be used as a routine drug to control myopia progression due to its side effects and tolerance of long-term use. Surgical treatment of myopia: mainly laser surgery on cornea (Lasik, PRK), implantation of stromal ring (ICR), radial keratotomy (RK), implantation of artificial lens (IOL), etc. However, it is not suitable for surgical treatment of progressive myopia in adolescents, and posterior scleral pouching can be tried in the case of fast-progressing pathologic myopia. Fourth, what are the prevention methods? Scientists in China pointed out that genetic and environmental factors account for about 50% each in the occurrence of myopia, in terms of genetic factors, both parents have no myopia, one party has myopia, both are myopic, and the incidence of myopia among their children is 1:2.6:3.8; in terms of environmental factors, the occurrence of myopia among children whose reading time after school is 1-2 hours, 3 hours, 4-5 hours is 1:2.1:3.2. 3.2. It is thus concluded that, in the absence of the ability to change genetic factors, changing environmental factors and active treatment are the main ways to prevent and treat myopia in students. We can prevent myopia from the following points: First, change the way of playing: modern city children play mostly indoor self-indulgence, such as television, personal toys, game consoles, computers, etc. For this reason, parents should encourage their children to change the way of playing, and do more outdoor activities. Second, pay attention to eye health: to educate young people to pay attention to eye health, reading, pay attention to the distance between the eyes and the book, the posture should be upright, can not lie down to read or read while walking; pay attention to the reading of the lighting should be sufficient, reading and writing for 40 minutes should be rested, see far, can not be too much indulgence in the game machine, television. Third, pay attention to eye health care: adhere to daily eye exercises, crystal exercises (rhythmic rapid alternation of looking away from the near); self acupressure (eye, save bamboo, fish waist, silk bamboo empty, Cheng sob, four white, etc.); fog vision therapy (wear +1.50D glasses near the eyes). Fourth, playing table tennis can prevent and control myopia: simple myopia occurs mostly at the age of 10, causing myopia is an important cause of eye fatigue. When playing table tennis, both eyes take the ball as the target, constantly adjusting the movement up and down, which can improve the tension of the ciliary muscle of the eye, make it relax and contract; the muscle outside the eye can also be constantly active, promote the blood circulation of the eye tissue, improve the nutritional supply, so as to improve the sensitivity of the eyes, eliminate eye fatigue and prevent myopia. Kite flying, as an activity that makes people gradually look away, can also effectively relieve the eye muscle spasm produced by long time looking close. Fifth, vision loss should be timely to the hospital for examination and treatment. In addition, attention should also be paid to dietary habits and nutrition, to avoid the lack of chromium, calcium and other trace elements. Winter and summer vacation is the high incidence of myopia in children. Children are not under the control of their school teachers, and there are no adults at home to take care of them, so the order of life is disorganized. During the summer and winter vacations, children can play computers, watch TV, watch CD-ROMs without restraint, eyes firmly fixed on the fluorescent screen, due to the children’s eye development is not yet mature, this persistent focus on the luminous screen of the close eye activities, the eye muscles are particularly harmful, resulting in the end of the holiday, the child to school classes, suddenly found that you can not see the words on the black wrench, and then realize that already have a myopia. In addition, after the children do their homework, parents do not feel comfortable to let them play downstairs, or cold and hot children are lazy to go out, stay at home to watch TV, extracurricular books as a way to rest, this “rest” in turn make the eyes more fatigue; there are also some students suffering from myopia due to the lack of visibility of the far distance, and reading, painting, piano, television and other close range of eye activities of great interest in the long run, resulting in a vicious circle, further aggravating the burden on the eyes. This further aggravates the burden on the eyes. So children in the summer and winter vacations and festivals to ensure adequate sleep, to avoid prolonged close eye use. At the end of the vacation, you should have your child’s eyesight examined, so that any problems can be treated as soon as possible. Ophthalmologists suggest that parents try to arrange outdoor activities for the whole family during the holidays to have more contact with the sun, such as climbing mountains, trekking, flying kites, etc. On the one hand, the family and children can see far and wide, and on the other hand, they can see the world. On the one hand, family members and children can look into the distance and adjust the tense eye muscles, on the other hand, it can effectively reduce the family’s close eye activities and enhance physical fitness. Fifth, how to pay attention to diet? The health of any part of the body is inseparable from the adequate supply of protein, eyes are no exception. The normal function of the eye health care, the renewal of aging tissues, all need protein as the basic material to proliferate repair. Should pay attention to the usual intake of some protein-rich foods, such as meat, fish, eggs, soybeans and so on. Vitamins are a kind of substances necessary for the growth and maintenance of healthy physiological functions of the organism, and they are also indispensable from the perspective of maintaining visual function. Foods rich in vitamin A include cod liver oil, animal liver, butter and milk. Lean meat, peanuts, beans, potatoes, green leafy vegetables, etc. are rich in vitamin B1. eggs, beans, animal liver, milk, fungi and algae contain vitamin B2. vitamin D is mainly distributed in animal liver, eggs, milk and other foods. In addition, Chinese medicine in the Chinese wolfberry also has the effect of bright eyes. Will be cooked with the right amount of cinnamon to eat, or with the pig liver cooked to take, the health of the eyes is not barnyard. Some of the small problems of the human eye, a considerable part of them are derived from bad dietary habits. For example, alcohol affects the optic nerve, resulting in blurred vision; consuming too much refined sugar will consume calcium and chromium inside the eyes, resulting in weakened eye aggregation ability. Cigarettes, animal fats, refined carbohydrates and too much salt can also have a negative effect on vision.