The 2014 World Cancer Report states that China has the highest cancer incidence rate in the world, with more than 3 million new cancer cases each year. Everyone is now talking about cancer. In the past, thyroid cancer was considered to be a relatively rare malignant tumor, but the incidence of this disease has increased rapidly in recent years and has become the fastest growing solid cancer. Is thyroid cancer really that terrible? According to the statistics of National Cancer Center, the incidence rate of thyroid cancer in China is increasing at the rate of 14.51% per year, becoming one of the fastest increasing tumors among women in the past 20 years. 2012 statistical report of Chinese Ministry of Health shows that thyroid cancer has risen to the 3rd place of malignant tumors among women. At present, the incidence of thyroid cancer in China is showing two trends, one is the trend of youthfulness and the other is the trend of increasing. The causes of thyroid cancer are still unclear and are still being actively explored by the medical community. According to the literature, ionizing radiation, iodine intake, hormones, other thyroid disorders, and genetics may be associated with the development of thyroid cancer. Among most malignant cancers, thyroid cancer belongs to the “good” category and patients should not be too afraid. Clinical data show that the 10-year survival rate of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer can reach 85%; the 20-year survival rate is about 90% in the low-risk group and over 61% in the high-risk group. The most reasonable treatment for most differentiated thyroid cancers and their metastases is the “three-in-one” approach: total thyroidectomy + iodine-131 therapy + oral thyroid hormone. Why is the “three-in-one” treatment plan the most reasonable approach? There is no doubt that, like most malignant tumors, the first choice of treatment for thyroid cancer should be surgery. There are two treatment options: subtotal thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy, but there are at least four options for subtotal thyroidectomy: (1) partial excision of one lobe; (2) excision of one lobe and isthmus; (3) partial excision of one lobe, isthmus + contralateral lobe; and (4) subtotal excision of one lobe, isthmus + contralateral lobe. The extent of thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer has long been the focus of surgical debate because of the high recurrence rate (median 35%) after surgery. In 1988, WHO proposed the definition of thyroid micro-carcinoma (TMC): thyroid carcinoma with a maximum diameter of ≤25px, regardless of the presence of regional lymph nodes or distant lymph node metastasis, is called TMC. TMC is more common in well-differentiated papillary carcinoma. Because of its small diameter, minimal spontaneous symptoms and slow clinical progression, TMC is difficult to be detected early and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. There are even metastatic lesions at the cellular level that are inaccessible to the naked eye (studies have reported that 38%-87% of differentiated thyroid cancer is found to have contralateral glandular metastases microscopically), so it is also difficult to diagnose intraoperatively. It is speculated that TMC is likely the main reason for the high recurrence rate after conventional surgery for this disease. Since it is difficult to determine the early diagnosis of TMC and the presence of TMC in the thyroid gland seen intraoperatively with the naked eye, clinical research has shifted the focus to the exploration of new treatment methods. Iodine-131 therapy given after surgical treatment of thyroid cancer has been shown to be effective in removing residual thyroid tissue and TMC at the cellular level and preventing tumor recurrence. It has been reported in the literature that the recurrence rate of thyroid cancer is 35% after surgical resection, and it can be reduced to 1%-2.5% if postoperative nuclear hormone therapy is combined with a larger dose of thyroid hormone replacement therapy. It has also been reported that the recurrence rate of nail cancer is as high as 32.0% with surgery alone, 11% with surgery + oral thyroid hormone, and only 2.7% with surgery + iodine-131 therapy + oral thyroid hormone. Foreign data reported that the mortality rate of patients treated with iodine-131 after surgery was 3.8-5.2 times lower and the recurrence rate was 4 times lower than that of patients treated with surgery alone. We call this method the “three-in-one” treatment plan for thyroid cancer. The “three-in-one” thyroid cancer treatment plan has been increasingly recognized by the industry. It has been found that thyroid cancer is multifocal in nature, and it is impossible to completely remove it under the microscope during thyroid cancer surgery, and some of the thyroid tissues are always left behind, and there may be microscopic cancer foci in the residual tissues. Patients only need to take iodine-131 solution orally, and the metastatic foci of thyroid cancer hidden in various parts of the body, just like swallowing a nuclear bomb, will swallow a large amount of iodine-131 and be hit by its high-energy beta rays and “drink the bomb”, so that the thyroid cancer cells will be destroyed by iodine-131. The thyroid cancer cells are then destroyed by iodine-131. The traditional approach recognizes the significance of thyroid hormone therapy: (1) to maintain the normal function of the thyroid gland; (2) to suppress the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone by the pituitary gland, because thyroid stimulating hormone may cause tumor recurrence, and thyroid hormone can prevent or reduce recurrence. Therefore, thyroid hormone replacement therapy is applied whether the thyroid gland is completely removed or partially removed; probably because the significance of removing residual thyroid tissue by iodine-131 is not understood, and iodine-131 therapy is rarely used after surgery. Since thyroid hormone does not completely inhibit the growth of possible TMC and microscopically accessible metastases, there has long been a high recurrence rate after conventional surgery. It is now recognized that the principle of surgery is to remove as much cancerous tissue as possible and to remove the lymph nodes in the neck where metastases may have occurred. In order not to damage the parathyroid glands and the laryngeal recurrent nerve, it is difficult to completely remove the thyroid gland by surgery (cancer cells are found to exist in the residual thyroid gland under microscope). Therefore, after surgical removal of the thyroid gland, the residual thyroid tissue should be removed promptly using iodine-131 and then thyroid hormone replacement therapy should be given to reduce the recurrence rate. Thyroid cancer mainly consists of differentiated thyroid cancer, which accounts for about 90% of the total, and is the “happy cancer” among cancers. “The “triple” combination of surgery + iodine-131 therapy + thyroid hormone treatment can even achieve a cure. For this reason, it is recommended to check thyroid gland regularly, and once abnormalities are detected, you should seek medical advice to improve your health and quality of life. Refuse to let thyroid cancer steal your life.