Deafness from various causes is one of the common diseases that plague and affect the quality of human life. There are three types of deafness: neurological deafness, conductive deafness and mixed deafness. Conductive deafness is a hearing impairment caused by abnormalities in structures other than the inner ear (mostly middle ear structures), and the degree of hearing loss is related to the location and extent of the lesion. Common diseases that cause conductive deafness include chronic suppurative otitis media, otosclerosis, and congenital middle ear malformations. Conductive deafness caused by these diseases is mostly treated surgically to obtain a more satisfactory hearing recovery, and early treatment is required. If treatment is delayed, conduction deafness may become mixed deafness over time, affecting the effectiveness of surgical treatment. The surgical procedure is determined by the cause of the disease and the structures involved, but it is important to be treated by an experienced surgeon.