I. Definition of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Studies have found that the lifetime prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the general population is 1 to 2 percent, and it has become a familiar disease due to its high incidence and recurrence rate year after year, as well as its long-lasting course. According to a global disease survey conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO), OCD has become one of the 20 diseases with the highest burden of disease among young and middle-aged people aged 15 to 44. However, there are many misconceptions about OCD in real life. For example, many people who are clean, like to do things by the book, and repeatedly check their behavior, are terrified that they have OCD.
The ICD-10 (which is the most common diagnostic criteria used by clinicians today) explains obsessive-compulsive disorder as follows: recurrent obsessive-compulsive thoughts or actions. Compulsive thoughts are ideas, representations, or impulses that repeatedly enter the patient’s mind in stereotyped form, and they are almost always distressing; the patient attempts to resist, but is unsuccessful, and the patient believes these thoughts to be self-generated, although they are involuntary and repulsive. Compulsive actions are recurrent stereotyped behaviors that neither give pleasure nor contribute to the accomplishment of meaningful tasks. These behaviors are usually perceived by the patient as meaningless or ineffective and are repeatedly attempted to be resisted but never controlled, with the strong conflict between the two causing great anxiety and distress, affecting schoolwork, interpersonal interactions, and even life.
Probably because of the direct translation, it is very awkward to read, simply summarized into three points.
1, the existence of compulsion: this is easy to understand, some people feel insecure, so repeatedly check whether the door is locked, whether things are pulled down, whether the gas is turned off, which is a compulsive action, but also some meaningless ideas: is the chicken laying eggs or eggs laying chicken; standing in a high place with the impulse to jump; repeatedly ask for proof, etc., they are your own imagination, repeatedly appear, so that you feel disgusted, these are compulsive These are compulsive thoughts (here we have to record the women’s Yeol Hi Tokyo Tokyo’s theft of the miscellaneous flattering section about the quiet woman’s apparatus spinning disaster Xing Yiyun falcon poke to play the royalty of the meticulous examination of the carbuncle paradoxical supper skull and skull, and to apologize for the short step comparable to the fear of employing the drought South edǎ round the harvesting of the water, and immediately come to Qilu Hospital to see Dr. Yang). I don’t need to explain too much, I believe we all understand, so the existence of compulsion is OCD? As I said above, it is not! Then what is considered OCD? This is the time when counter-compulsions appear.
2. Counter-compulsions (i.e., counter-compulsions): This is not easy to understand, how to say? In professional terms, the patient knows that the persistence of these compulsive actions or thoughts is irrational or does not make any sense, but they appear repeatedly, so the patient feels subjectively distressed, if you try to control them, admonish yourself for the absurdity of these thoughts, or derive a series of actions, such as washing your hands repeatedly to get rid of the distress of your suspicion of viral infection, repeatedly checking to eliminate your uncertainty, but you find that But you find that everything is in vain or you make more efforts to get rid of it, and the symptoms will be gradually aggravated and enriched; in layman’s terms, many people say that I have not been doing anything. Why is there no thing at this time? It’s because you don’t feel that this is a problem, or even a pathology, so you don’t try to control them, i.e. the counter-compulsions don’t exist, and you certainly don’t feel pain, so where would be the disease? Unfortunately, when you suddenly find one day that people around you are not like this, or that many worldly ideas conflict with what you think and do, this is the time when you start to wonder, am I good at this hand washing, am I right in this suspicion, am I too devilish in what I do, in fact, this so-called right standard of yours is precisely the counter-compulsion, the beginning of OCD!
3, affect social function: these pain and anxiety to scratch nowhere first let your attention lapse, so that you can not concentrate well in work and study, the duration and frequency of repetitive behavior gradually increased to make you feel tired and helpless, thus affecting your efficiency, and even life. In layman’s terms, these symptoms affect your mood, your life, your work, then you need to find Dr. Yang.
Second, the causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder
1, personality: generally speaking, OCD patients have their compulsive personality basis, such as these people often show “three no”: insecurity, dissatisfaction and uncertainty. Because of these personality traits lead to their cautious, demanding perfection in everything. They are often indecisive and think over and over again. He or she is strict with himself or herself, and at the same time is demanding of others around him or her, especially loved ones. Usually behaves in a serious manner and follows the rules, and has relatively poor emotional expression ability.
2, genetic: According to available data, the co-prevalence rate of OCD patients with both parents is 5%-7%, much higher than the general population, but the influence of the family environment cannot be ruled out, so there is no clear data showing that genetics plays a role in the onset of OCD.
3, external factors: such as some specific work environment: finance, nursing, etc. need to concentrate and repeatedly check, continuous high tension level will make people cautious, repeated thinking, repeated review, etc., if not effective self-regulation, the chance of compulsive symptoms will increase significantly. However, I personally believe that external factors are not decisive in the pathogenesis of OCD. According to the philosophical thinking that external factors ultimately work through internal factors, external factors can only be triggering and facilitating factors, which need to be based on a specific personality basis, such as introversion, neurotic personality traits and excessive application of immature psychological defense mechanisms.
III. Clinical manifestations of OCD
The clinical manifestations of OCD have been extensively described and will not be described in detail, summarized as follows
Obsessive-compulsive concepts.
1. obsessive suspicion: doubting whether something has fallen; whether blood has been spilled on the body, etc.
2. compulsive recollection: repeated recollection of various trivialities.
3. compulsive exhaustion: whether the chicken lays the egg or the egg lays the chicken.
4. compulsive intention: holding one’s baby and generating the idea of dropping it on the floor.
5, compulsive oppositional thinking: having obscene thoughts instead in holy places such as temples.
Compulsive behavior.
1. compulsive checking: repeated checking for verification.
2.Compulsive washing: repeated hand washing and repeated washing of clothes.
3.Compulsive counting: unconsciously recording the number of floor tiles while shopping.
4, compulsive ritual action: before doing something, habitually do some ritual-like actions before starting.