Subconjunctival hemorrhage is most commonly seen in people over the age of 40. Overview Red patches on the sclera are a sign of scleral hemorrhage, mainly due to the rupture of small blood vessels in the eye, and are medically known as subconjunctival hemorrhage. It can occur on both sides of the eye and varies in extent and severity. It is usually a deep red patch that starts on the inner part of the eye and gradually spreads to the entire sclera, or around the iris. Causes There is a layer of tear film on the surface of the eye, and dry weather can speed up the evaporation of tears on the surface of the tear film. In addition, subconjunctival hemorrhage may also occur in people with increased intraocular pressure (e.g., glaucoma patients). Therefore, patients with subconjunctival hemorrhage should first have their IOP measured. In addition, it is important to note that excessive alcohol consumption and irritating foods can also trigger subconjunctival hemorrhage. Treatment Subconjunctival hemorrhage is not a cause for alarm, as it usually resolves spontaneously within 1 week in mild cases. Cold compresses can be applied to the eyes within 2 days to prevent the bleeding symptoms from worsening; after 2 days, hot water fumigation can be used to promote the absorption of blood stasis in the eyes, and medications to constrict blood vessels and activate blood stasis can also be used. Generally, after 7-10 days, subconjunctival hemorrhage can be basically absorbed and no sequelae will be left behind. If subconjunctival hemorrhage occurs frequently, the patient should be alerted to the possibility of hematologic disease and should be advised to undergo detailed hematologic examination. The disease should also be differentiated from infectious conjunctivitis (commonly known as “pink eye”), which is often associated with mucous or purulent discharge and should be seen promptly if symptoms occur. Prevention The main prevention of this disease is to maintain a regular lifestyle and work and rest schedule. Patients with hypertension and diabetes must strictly control blood pressure and blood sugar, and middle-aged and elderly people over 45 should receive regular checkups, measure intraocular pressure, and maintain emotional stability.