As the weather gets colder and colder since autumn, especially in the north, the weather is getting drier and colder. While you are preventing dryness and freezing, you should also be aware of a symptom that is more likely to occur in winter: subconjunctival hemorrhage. Recently, a patient came in complaining that her eyes were a little swollen, and when she looked in the mirror, she noticed a large red spot on her white eyeball and was very anxious. This patient’s symptoms were due to subconjunctival hemorrhage. Subconjunctival hemorrhage can be caused by the rupture of tiny blood vessels under the conjunctiva. The conjunctiva is a thin, clear, moist membrane that covers the white eyeball and the inside of the eyelid, the outermost protective layer of the eye. It contains nerves and many small blood vessels. The small blood vessels are difficult to see under normal conditions, but become thickened in the presence of inflammation. These vessels are fragile and their walls can easily rupture. There is a tear film on the surface of the eye, and just as the skin dries out in winter, the dry climate makes the tears evaporate quickly and the conjunctival surface dries out; in addition, many elderly people have high blood pressure, diabetes, and arteriosclerosis, all of which can lead to increased vascular fragility, and subconjunctival hemorrhage can be triggered by coughing too hard, sneezing, lifting heavy objects, vomiting, and rubbing the eyes hard. Clinical manifestations: The most significant symptom of subconjunctival hemorrhage is the appearance of a red area on the white of the eye. Occasionally, the blood will cover the entire white area of the eye. The patient may feel swelling and itching on the surface of the eye, but there will be no change in vision, no discharge or blood flow, and no pain. The clot will gradually get larger within the first 24 hours and then slowly absorb and decrease in size. It can be identified from other bleeding in the following way: Wipe the reddened area of the eye with a tissue, which will not get blood on it. In general, patients should not panic about subconjunctival hemorrhage, but they should be alert for the following conditions: bleeding that does not improve after 2 weeks, recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhage, bleeding from both eyes at the same time, combined with bleeding from other parts of the body (e.g. easy bruising after a bump, bleeding gums), etc. These above conditions may indicate the presence of factors in the body that cause impairment of the hemostatic mechanism, such as diabetes, hypertension, taking anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs such as warfarin and aspirin, hematologic disorders, etc. In addition, if the conjunctival hemorrhage is caused by trauma, or if eye pain and changes in vision (blurred vision, diplopia) occur in conjunction with the hemorrhage, it may indicate other problems in the eye besides subconjunctival hemorrhage. In all of these cases, it is recommended that you seek medical attention as soon as possible. Treatment: After subconjunctival hemorrhage, cold compresses can be applied to the eye for the first two days to stop the bleeding and prevent the bleeding symptoms from worsening; after two days, hot water fumigation can be used to promote the absorption of blood stasis in the eye by taking a cup of boiling water with the eye above the cup and using the heat for fumigation. The bleeding will take 1-2 weeks to be completely absorbed, similar to a small abrasion on the skin, and the color of the clot will change during the healing process, from red to orange to yellow, and finally disappear completely. Chinese herbal medicine can be used to promote the absorption of blood stasis, such as Salvia tablets. Artificial tears can be used to relieve eye discomfort.