I. Etiology
Once the ovarian function is affected by certain factors, such as emotional instability, mood discomfort, overwork, sexual disharmony, changes in the living environment, or excessive consumption of hormone-containing tonic products and long-term use of cosmetics containing hormonal ingredients, etc., they can affect the secretion of estrogen and progesterone in the human body. The disproportionate secretion of estrogen and progesterone or the disturbance of secretion rhythm can cause breast tissue hyperplasia.
Second, symptoms
Lobular hyperplasia is mainly manifested clinically as follows: 5-7 days before the onset of menstruation, breast swelling and pain, the onset of menstruation, breast swelling and pain relief, or even disappearance, until the next menstruation cycle.
Third, check
1, the correct breast examination touch the palm of the hand should be flat four fingers together, with the most sensitive index finger, middle finger, ring finger end fingers in order to lightly search the outer upper and outer lower, inner lower, inner upper area of the breast, and finally the middle of the breast nipple and areola area. Do not use your fingers to grasp and pinch the breast tissue during the examination, otherwise the grasped breast tissue may be mistaken for a lump.
2.From sitting position any nipple inversion skin depression structure shape abnormality is a clue of deep breast cancer. If the patient claps her hands on her head to contract the pectoral muscles, the above signs will appear, and when the woman is in sitting position, it is easy to check the lymph nodes above and below the clavicle and in the axilla. Finally, palpation should be performed in a sitting position by touching the area under the nipple with joined fingers.
3. In the supine position, a more extensive palpation of the area is performed. A pillow is placed under the ipsilateral breast and the ipsilateral hand is raised above the head so that the breast is evenly spread on the chest wall, making it easy for the fingers to reach the deeper part. The palm surface of the middle finger of the index finger, not the fingertip, should be used for palpation, and palpation should be performed by turning the nipple outward in a circle, and it is especially important to examine the breast that extends to the axilla.
4, breast examination should first observe the development of the breast. Whether both breasts are symmetrical in size and similar, whether the nipples on both sides are at the same level, whether there is retraction of the nipple depression; whether there is erosion of the nipple areola, what is the color of the breast skin, whether there is edema and cellulite-like changes whether there is inflammation such as redness and swelling, whether the superficial veins in the performance breast area are angry, etc.
5.Ultrasound examination: When a lump is suspected in the breast, ultrasound examination is a must. This is a preliminary screening test for breast lumps and can be used to determine the nature and location of the lump. However, it is less able to identify lumps under 1 cm in diameter, and smaller lumps may be missed if this test is done alone.
6.Infrared scan: Infrared scan is especially suitable for screening women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This test uses the difference in infrared absorption between normal and diseased tissues to diagnose breast disease by displaying different grayscale images of translucency and darkness. Because this test is fast and non-radioactive, it is often used as a primary screening test for breast disease in medical examinations. Although this test is not a specialized breast examination, it can still be used as a form of examination for breast lesions.
IV. Diagnosis
Lobular hyperplasia (the second stage in the progression of breast enlargement) is a common disease among young and middle-aged women between the ages of 25 and 40, with an incidence of about 5%. It may be detected before menopause in 1 out of 20 people. It is neither a tumor nor an inflammatory disease, but a result of structural changes in the ducts and lobules of the breast caused by female endocrine disorders. If a woman does not marry, have children or breastfeed at a certain age, she is prone to endocrine disorders that cause hyperplasia at the end of both breast ducts. Analysis of a large amount of clinical data shows that lobular hyperplasia should be diagnosed differently from breast fibroadenoma and breast cancer.
Lobular hyperplasia, also known as cystic mastopathy, is one of the most common diseases in women, and lumps found in the breast are the main reason why patients visit the clinic. The lumps are often multiple and can be confined to one breast or diffuse in both breasts. The masses are granular nodules, ranging from small sesame seeds and green beans to large lumps that lack distinct borders and do not adhere to the skin or deeper tissues. Patients often have varying degrees of breast tenderness, which is cyclical and related to the menstrual cycle, with the tenderness being worse before menstruation and less afterwards.
Lobular hyperplasia and mammary fibroadenoma.
Both can be seen as breast lumps, single or multiple, with a firm texture. Most of the breast lumps in lobular hyperplasia are bilateral, with different sizes, nodular, lumpy or granular, generally soft, but also hard and firm, occasionally unilateral and single, but mostly accompanied by premenstrual breast swelling and pain when touched, and the size and nature of the breast lumps can change periodically with menstruation. Most breast lumps in fibroadenoma are unilateral, round or ovoid, with clear borders, high mobility, and generally firm texture, but there are also multiple cases, but there is usually no breast pain or only mild menstrual breast discomfort, no tenderness, and the size of breast lumps does not change with menstrual cycle.
In addition, on mammograms, breast fibroadenomas often appear as round or ovoid shadows with a characteristic ring-shaped transparent halo, which can be an important basis for differential diagnosis.
Lobular hyperplasia and breast cancer.
Both can be seen as breast lumps. However, breast lumps in lobular hyperplasia are generally soft or moderately hard in texture, mostly bilateral, varying in size, nodular, lumpy or granular in shape, movable, with no adhesion to skin and surrounding tissues. The lump may be round, oval or irregular in shape, and may grow to a large size, with poor mobility and easy adhesion to skin and surrounding tissues.
In addition, on the mammogram of breast, breast cancer often appears as lump shadow, tiny calcified dots, abnormal vascular shadow and burr, which can also help in the diagnosis.
Mass needle aspiration of breast cancer can find heterogeneous cells. The final diagnosis should be based on histopathological examination results.
V. Prevention and treatment
Selenium is an essential trace element in human body, which is involved in the synthesis of many biological enzymes in the body and plays an important role in the growth, reproduction and physiological functions of cells. The relationship between selenium and malignant tumors has attracted attention and valuable research results have been obtained. Data show that most tumor patients have lower blood selenium levels than normal people, such as female breast malignant tumors. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of breast malignant tumors can increase the selenium content in the body through selenium supplementation.
Selenium is the “king of anti-cancer”, and its anti-cancer mechanism is to reduce the toxicity of carcinogens by inhibiting the metabolically active enzymes of carcinogens and competing with carcinogens, reduce the reaction rate of carcinogens and DNA, and accelerate the inactivation and excretion of carcinogens.
Selenium can selectively inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, inhibit intracellular protein synthesis and DNA replication, reduce the rate of cancer cell proliferation, and thus play an inhibitory role.
Selenium can strengthen the cancer suppression function of lymphocytes by activating some enzyme systems of lymphocytes and thus improve the cellular immune function of the body, so that the body can effectively play the role of immune surveillance to kill and remove cell mutations. It is a comprehensive treatment based on the treatment method. Transformation from the most tolerated treatment to the least effective treatment.