Cold is a generic term for upper respiratory tract infections. It is an inflammatory reaction of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract due to the invasion of the organism by pathogens. Viruses and bacteria are two different pathogens that cause colds, and the clinical manifestations and treatment principles of both types of colds are somewhat different. Viral colds can be characterized by nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, clear or white nasal discharge, and coughing up white or clear sputum. There may be a tendency to have fever, usually with a continuous increase in body temperature. Its systemic symptoms are relatively more obvious, especially influenza, can appear generalized weakness, headache, dizziness, pain in the limbs, and even loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, depression and other symptoms. The main symptomatic treatment is based on appropriate bed rest and drinking warm water, which does not require special treatment for the time being and can heal itself within a week. If necessary, you can give ribavirin, oseltamivir and other antiviral drugs to treat. Bacterial colds generally have a stuffy and runny nose with yellow pus nasal discharge, cough and sputum, yellow or green sputum, and may have a low fever. These local symptoms are relatively obvious, while the systemic symptoms are relatively mild or even absent. In terms of treatment, in addition to symptomatic treatment such as cough and phlegm, antibiotics such as penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone sodium, ceftazidime, erythromycin, levofloxacin and other drugs can be used. The vast majority of colds are viral colds, some of which can be secondary to bacterial infections; a relatively small number are bacterial colds caused by bacterial infections alone.