Clinical manifestations of female genital tuberculosis Inflammatory disease of the female genitalia caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis of human type is called genital tuberculosis and is most commonly seen in women of childbearing age between 20 and 40 years. Genital tuberculosis infection is mainly caused by the spread of tuberculosis in other organs of the body, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, intestinal tuberculosis, peritoneal tuberculosis, lymphatic tuberculosis and bone tuberculosis. Genital tuberculosis often invades the fallopian tubes first and then travels down the mucosa, causing endometrial tuberculosis and cervical tuberculosis. Among genital tuberculosis, tubal tuberculosis has the highest incidence, followed by endometrial tuberculosis, while ovarian and cervical tuberculosis are less common, and vaginal and vulvar tuberculosis are rare. The clinical manifestations of female genital tuberculosis are very different, with some patients being asymptomatic and others having severe symptoms. The main manifestations are as follows: 1. Infertility: tubal tuberculosis causes tubal incompetence; endometrial tuberculosis destroys the environment for fertilized egg implantation and development. In patients with primary infertility, genital tuberculosis is often the main cause. 2. Lower abdominal cramps: caused by pelvic tuberculosis leading to pelvic congestion, adhesions, or the formation of effusion, etc. 3. Abnormal menstruation: This is a common symptom and is related to the severity of the disease. Due to the tuberculosis lesion, the endometrium can be congested or ulcerated in the early stage, resulting in excessive menstruation, prolonged menstruation or irregular bleeding; in the late stage, the endometrium is severely damaged, resulting in scanty menstruation or even amenorrhea. 4. Systemic symptoms: fatigue, night sweats, low fever, emaciation, loss of appetite and other symptoms may appear. 5, examination: if there is peritoneal tuberculosis, there may be ascites sign or rubbing sensation; gynecological examination often reveals that the patient has a poorly developed uterus, and if there is pelvic tuberculosis, a pelvic mass can be palpated, or there are positive signs such as pressure pain. How to diagnose female genital tuberculosis 1. endometrial pathological examination It is the most reliable method to diagnose endometrial tuberculosis. 2.Tuberculosis culture or animal inoculation Bacterial culture or animal inoculation is done with menstrual blood or endometrial tissue. 3.X-ray examination Mainly abdominal plain film or X-ray examination of digestive tract. 4.Laparoscopy By observing the lesions on the surface of uterus, fallopian tubes and peritoneum, and taking biopsy for pathological examination or TB culture. 5.Iodine oil imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes To show the morphology of the uterine cavity. The inner wall of the uterus is dentate, and the fallopian tubes show adhesions, deformation in the form of wire-like or bead-like changes, or even obstruction, which is meaningful for the diagnosis of endometrial tuberculosis or tubal tuberculosis. How to treat female genital tuberculosis 1.General treatment: pay attention to rest, strengthen nutrition and exercise appropriately. 2.Medication: Combined medication should be used, and the specific method should follow the doctor’s prescription. 3.Surgical treatment: For cases where drug treatment is ineffective, tuberculosis abscess is formed, or tuberculosis mass is combined, surgical treatment can be considered, and anti-tuberculosis drugs should be used before and after surgery. Can female genital tuberculosis patients have children? It can be clearly said that the chances of natural pregnancy are not high. If the endometrium is normal on hysteroscopy, IVF techniques can be used to help conceive.