The use of systematic monitoring of the reproductive cycle not only allows for the correct prediction of ovulation, but also allows for dynamic observation of follicular development and luteal function so that appropriate clinical countermeasures can be taken. There are various methods for clinical monitoring of ovulation, including basal body temperature, blood and urine hormone measurement, cervical mucus scoring, and ultrasound. Basal body temperature: The body temperature measured when the body wakes up after a long sleep (6 hours) and before any activity is performed is called basal body temperature. The basal body temperature of normal women of childbearing age varies cyclically, as does the menstrual cycle, and this temperature change is related to ovulation. In women with normal ovulation, the basal body temperature varies from the day of menstruation to the day of ovulation, with a low temperature period lasting about two weeks; from the day of ovulation to the day of the next menstruation, the body temperature increases by 0.3 to 0.5 ℃, with a high temperature period also lasting about two weeks. This kind of low temperature curve is called biphasic temperature curve, which indicates that the ovaries have normal ovulation function, and ovulation usually occurs before the rise of body temperature or during the rise from low to high. The basal body temperature of anovulatory patients, without the difference between low and high temperature periods, is called a monophasic temperature curve. Therefore, by monitoring the basal body temperature, you can roughly determine the presence of ovulation. This method is easy and cost-free. Blood and urine hormone measurement (ovulation test paper): Luteinizing hormone (LH for short) peaks about 24-36 hours before ovulation, so the increase in LH concentration becomes the best indicator for ovulation testing. The timing of ovulation can be predicted by measuring the appearance of the LH peak in blood or urine. Cervical mucus scoring method: Cervical mucus is produced by special cells in the cervical canal. The amount and nature of its secretion changes with ovulation and the menstrual cycle. There are three types of cervical mucus in a menstrual cycle: infertile, fertile and very fertile. 1. Non-fertile cervical mucus: It is the early mucus in the menstrual cycle and appears after menstruation and lasts for about 3 days. At this time, the cervical mucus is little and sticky, and the vulva is dry without a sense of wetness, and the mucus does not get on the underwear. 2. Fertile cervical mucus: This mucus appears after the 9th-10th day of the menstrual cycle. As the follicles in the ovaries develop and the estrogen level rises, the cervical mucus gradually increases, thins and becomes milky white. At this time, there is a sense of wetness in the vulva. 3. Extremely fertile cervical mucus: a few days before ovulation, estrogen further increases, cervical mucus contains more water and is clearer like egg white, with minimal viscosity, slippery and elastic, and can be pulled into long filaments (up to 10 cm or more) with the thumb and index finger. It is generally believed that the day when the discharge is clear and transparent and egg-white like, and the day with the longest filaments is most likely the day of ovulation, and the three days before and after this day are the ovulation period. After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms and produces progesterone, which inhibits the secretion of mucus from the cells of the cervix, so the cervical mucus becomes less thick and less fertile until the next menstrual cycle. This change occurs again in the next menstrual cycle. Clinically, cervical mucus can be scored according to its nature, amount, degree of drawing, crystallization, and dilatation of the uterine opening, and is generally considered suitable for conception with a score of 8 or more. Ultrasound method: Ultrasound is the most accurate method to monitor follicular development. Ultrasound can directly observe the morphological changes of follicles continuously and dynamically to understand the whole process of follicular development and ovulation, and also to determine whether ovulation is occurring. The disadvantage is that it requires a hospital visit, which is expensive and time-consuming. Generally, follicles are considered mature when they reach about 18 mm in length, but there are significant individual differences. The first two methods are more convenient and can be measured by yourself, while the ultrasound method is more accurate.