1. Prevention of calcium-containing urinary tract stones (1) Increase fluid intake: maintain a daily fluid intake of 2.5-3.0 liters, so that the daily urine volume is maintained at 2.0-2.5 liters. (2) Diet regulation: maintain a comprehensive balance of dietary nutrients and avoid excessive intake of one of them. (3) Dietary calcium content: consume a diet with normal calcium content, limit the intake of animal protein and sodium. A normal range or appropriate level of high calcium diet is of clinical therapeutic value in preventing recurrence of calcium-containing stones in the urinary tract. (4) Limit the intake of oxalic acid in the diet: Patients with calcium oxalate stones need to avoid foods rich in oxalic acid such as radish, amaranth, celery, lettuce, bamboo shoots, potatoes, soy products, cocoa, chocolate, black tea, lime, cola, beer, kale, almonds, peanuts, beets, parsley, spinach, rhubarb, etc. The content of oxalic acid in spinach is the highest, and patients with calcium oxalate stones should pay more attention to avoid eating spinach. (5) Limit the intake of sodium: the daily intake of sodium should be less than 2 grams. (6) Limit the excessive intake of protein: the daily intake of animal protein should be limited to 150 grams or less. Patients with recurrent stones should not consume more than 80 grams of protein per day. (7) Reduce body weight: maintain a body mass index BMI between 11 and 18 for patients with urinary stones. (8) Increase the intake of fruits and vegetables: Increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables can prevent stone recurrence in patients with hypocitraturia. (9) Increase coarse grains and fiber diet: rice bran can reduce urinary calcium excretion and decrease the recurrence of urinary stones, but avoid oxalic acid-rich fiber foods such as wheat bran. (10) Reduce the intake of vitamin C: vitamin C can produce oxalic acid after natural transformation. It is recommended that the daily intake of vitamin C should not exceed 1.0 gram. It is not advisable to eat more such as citrus, lemon, tomatoes, strawberries, etc. (11) Restrict high purine diet: Patients with calcium oxalate stones with hyperuricemia should avoid high purine diet, foods rich in purine include: animal offal (liver and kidney), poultry skin, herring with skin, sardines, anchovies, etc. (12) Vitamin B6: Vitamin B-6 is one of the coenzymes in the metabolism of oxalic acid in the body, and deficiency of the vitamin in the body can cause increased excretion of oxalic acid. High dose of vitamin B6 has therapeutic effect for patients with primary hyperoxaluria. (13) Chinese herbs: Chinese herbs that have a certain preventive effect on calcium-containing stones include zedoary, fatty sea, money grass, corn husk and plantain core. 2. Prevention of uric acid stones (1) Drink a lot of water: keep the daily urine volume above 2 liters. (2) Alkalinize urine: take oral sodium potassium hydrogen citrate (Youlait), potassium citrate, sodium potassium citrate or sodium bicarbonate. (3) Reduce the formation of uric acid: 300 mg of allopurinol orally daily if blood uric acid or uric acid is increased. (4) Avoid high purine diet: the recommended daily intake of purine in food is less than 500 mg. Foods rich in purines are: animal offal (liver and kidney), poultry skin, herring with skin, sardines, anchovies, etc. 3, the prevention of infected stones (magnesium phosphate amine / carbonic acid apatite) should be removed by surgical methods as far as possible. Low calcium and low phosphorus diet is recommended. Antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of infections according to drug sensitivity tests. 4. Prevention of cystine stones should pay attention to drinking plenty of water to increase the solubility of cystine and ensure that the daily urine volume is above 3 liters. Take oral sodium potassium hydrogen citrate (Yolite) to alkalize the urine. Consume a low protein diet based on vegetables and grains and avoid excessive consumption of methionine-rich foods (soy, wheat, fish, meat, beans and mushrooms, etc.). Limit sodium intake to less than 2 grams per day as recommended. For urinary cystine higher than 3 mmol/24h, oral captopril or thiopronine may be appropriate.