What causes a rapid heart rate?

The causes of a rapid heart rate are classified as physiological or pathological.
Physiological causes are excessive physical work, excitement, fear, drinking alcohol and tea, smoking, pregnancy, or the use of some medication that stimulates a rapid heart rate.
Pathological causes are rapid heart rates caused by some systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism, anaemia, hyperthermia, infection, etc.