Regardless of the cause of hypertensive hydrocephalus, it must be treated promptly. Pharmacological treatment focuses on reducing cerebrospinal fluid secretion and increasing the body’s water drainage. It is important to note that pharmacological treatment is mainly used for lighter patients and as temporary preoperative medication. The treatment of hydrocephalus should be mainly surgical. Surgery can be divided into three types: etiologic treatment, reduction of cerebrospinal fluid production and cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Surgery should be performed as early as possible after hydrocephalus is detected. Surgery is less effective in late stages because of cortical atrophy or severe neurological dysfunction. Before the 1980s, the treatment of hydrocephalus was a very difficult problem, and patients with hydrocephalus had a very high mortality and disability rate, and early shunt surgery, too, had extremely high complications. In recent years, with the development of science and technology, there are many new methods for the treatment of hydrocephalus, the emergence of different mechanisms of shunt valves, and the development of neuroendoscopic technology, many patients have been cured through effective treatment, and resume normal life and work. I. Etiological treatment Etiological treatment should become the preferred method for treating hydrocephalus. For obstructive hydrocephalus, lifting the obstruction is the most ideal method. For example, interventricular foramen perforation, conduit reconstruction, fourth ventricular cyst fistula, intracerebroventricular tumor resection, third ventricular floor fistula, occipital foramen decompression, etc. Using etiologic treatment methods, once the surgery is successful, patients can benefit from it for the rest of their lives. In recent years, neuroendoscopic interventricular foramen perforation, neuroendoscopic conduit reconstruction, and neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus treatment have become the most effective and safest minimally invasive methods for hydrocephalus treatment, with less than 5% complications of the surgery, and are currently the only unit in China and one of the few in the world that can perform conduit shaping and stenting for obstructive hydrocephalus. Second, reduce cerebrospinal fluid formation such as using choroid plexus resection or electrocautery. It is mainly used for traffic hydrocephalus, especially in patients who have failed shunt surgery or are not suitable for shunt. Currently, electrocautery is performed endoscopically, which can significantly reduce the occurrence of surgical complications. Third, cerebrospinal fluid shunts In the early days, a variety of shunt procedures were performed to treat hydrocephalus, including ventricular and ventricular pool shunts, such as: lateral ventricular and occipital pool shunts. Ventricular body shunt, such as: ventricular (or ventricular pool) ventral shunt, ventriculothoracic shunt, etc. Drainage of cerebrospinal fluid out of the body, e.g., lateral ventricular bulbar shunt. Ventricular and ureteral shunts, etc. Introduction of cerebrospinal fluid onto the cardiovascular system, such as ventriculo-atrial shunt, ventriculo-internal jugular vein shunt, etc. Many of the above cerebrospinal fluid shunts have been eliminated due to poor efficacy or the tendency to cause more complications. The most commonly used shunts are ventriculoperitoneal shunts and other shunts. However, the main complications that currently plague the outcome of shunt surgery are complications. Complications include: 1, shunt system blockage: the most common, generally in the 50-70% or so. 2. Infection: the incidence is 7-10%, and in children it is more than 30%. Mainly for ventriculitis or peritonitis. 3, excessive or insufficient shunts: patients with insufficient cerebrospinal fluid shunts do not improve their symptoms after surgery, and examination reveals that ventricular enlargement still exists or changes are not obvious. The main reason is the improper pressure of the shunt valve used, which leads to poor drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. 4. Split ventricle syndrome: It usually refers to the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as headache, nausea, vomiting and ataxia, unresponsiveness and lethargy several years after shunt surgery. However, CT scan reveals a ventricular morphology smaller than normal, and the examination valve is usually pressed and then slowly reflows, suggesting obstruction at the ventricular end of the shunt. The pathogenesis is due to prolonged excessive drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. 5, other complications: epilepsy. About 5%; complications of the ventricular end of the canal. Such as optic nerve injury; complications of ventral end tube. including shunt displacement, rupture, organ perforation, intestinal obstruction, abdominal fluid accumulation, etc.