Myocardial infarction is a serious cardiovascular disease that can lead to sudden death if not detected in time. Available statistics show that 50%-80% of patients with acute myocardial infarction have aura performance. The Beijing Coronary Heart Disease Collaborative Group analyzed 604 patients with acute myocardial infarction and found that only 84 patients (13.9%) had no aura before the infarction, while most of them had different degrees of aura performance. Therefore, it is important to understand the precursors of acute myocardial infarction, and then implement home first aid and seek help from hospitals as early as possible to save patients’ lives and improve the prognosis of the disease. The following is a brief introduction to the aura manifestations of acute myocardial infarction and home first aid measures.
I. Chest pain
1.First attack of angina pectoris
People who did not have angina symptoms originally, after emotional excitement, overexertion or a full meal, the upper or middle part of the sternum after the pressure-like pain, often accompanied by chest tightness and shortness of breath and other symptoms, the pain is long, can last for ten minutes to half an hour.
2.The nature of the original angina has changed
In the past there was angina, but the nature of the angina attack has changed compared to the previous, mainly manifested in the following cases.
1), a significant increase in the frequency of angina attacks.
2), episodes of angina during light activity, even at rest
3), prolonged duration of angina attacks.
4) The degree of pain is significantly increased.
5) The pain can be relieved by taking nitroglycerin, etc., but now it is not effective after taking the medicine.
Second, other signs and symptoms
1. Pain in other areas
The typical site of pain in myocardial infarction is the posterior sternum up to the pharynx or in the precordial area, and it may radiate to the left shoulder, axilla and left arm. Atypical sites may include pain in the right chest, jaw, neck, teeth, rare head, lower limb thighs and even toes. The nature of pain may be colic, crushing pain, or tightness or burning pain.
2.Emotional abnormalities and other accompanying symptoms
Before acute myocardial infarction occurs, patients often have irritability, fear or a sense of near death. This is related to the stress response of the body, such as sympathetic excitation and increased secretion of adrenal medulla. In addition, myocardial infarction may be preceded by digestive symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, epigastric distention, intestinal distention and even erratic rebellion, or sudden onset of cardiac arrhythmia and blood pressure fluctuations.
Home first aid
1.Lying down or semi-sitting down
Before the ambulance arrives, the patient should be prohibited from all activities, the patient’s family should not move the patient or turn the patient over, and call 110 as soon as possible to seek medical help.
2.Stabilize the patient’s emotion
Patients themselves should maintain emotional stability, do not over-stress, can be soothed by deep inhalation, coughing, etc.; the patient’s family should also calm the patient, avoid noise, avoid excessive panic.
3.Medicinal first aid
If you have medicine at home, in the event of acute myocardial infarction, you can let the patient chew aspirin 300mg, and take nitroglycerin or quick-acting heart pills under the tongue. If there are conditions for oxygen supply, give the patient oxygen immediately.