Burns are generally defined as tissue damage caused by heat (including hot liquids, steam, hot gases, flames, electrical energy, chemicals, radiation, scorching metallic liquids or solids, etc.). Burns should not be taken lightly. So what are the preventive methods for infection of burn wounds pale or charred yellow? 1, immunotherapy Immunotherapy of burn infection is more studied immunotherapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Immunotherapy is divided into active immunity and passive immunity. Active immunization is mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine and passive immunization is Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunoglobulin or high-value immune serum (or plasma) for clinical application. Active immunization: Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine can be divided into lipopolysaccharide antigen and endotoxin protein antigen according to the antigen composition. 7-valent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine and 16-valent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine (PEV-01) belong to lipopolysaccharide antigen, and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine (EP) developed in China belongs to endotoxin antigen. Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine has good immunogenicity. After burn patients were vaccinated with PEV-01 three times on the day of admission, 7 days and 14 days, the antibody potency against 16 components increased on average from 1/4 to 1/32 on admission to 1/64 to 1/256 and was maintained for 4 weeks. The presence of lectins and hemagglutination in the serum was protective against lethal attack by P. aeruginosa. In contrast, protective antibodies were rare in patients who were not vaccinated. Plasma levels of endotoxin were low in vaccinated patients and high in patients infected with P. aeruginosa without vaccination. Endotoxin depletes the C3 component of complement, impairs the nonspecific immune mechanism, and increases the patient’s susceptibility to infection. Inoculation with P. aeruginosa vaccine reduces the level of endotoxin in the blood and indirectly increases the patient’s resistance to its bacterial infection. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils is increased after vaccination, and the phagocytic effect of neutrophils on latex granules, Bacillus pneumoniae and A. chimaera is enhanced. The ability of neutrophils to kill P. aeruginosa was significantly increased in the presence of specific antibodies. The appropriate dose of the vaccine produces the maximum level of antibody response, and the generally recommended dose for application is 25 μg/kg/dose of 7-valent vaccine, one adult dose (RHD) per dose of PEV-01, and 0.5 RHD for children under 12 years of age. combined intradermal and intramuscular or subcutaneous injections may be used. It usually takes 5 to 7 days to produce the appropriate level of antibodies. Therefore the earlier the vaccination, the better. The first vaccination should be given within 6 days, as the patient’s response to the vaccine is quite poor after 6 days. Active immunization generally takes 5-7 days for the level of IgG antibodies in the serum to reach a protective level, and the duration of maintenance is short, so continuous immunization must be given once every 3-7 days until the threat of P. aeruginosa infection disappears. Local redness and swelling may occur after vaccination, and body temperature may increase. The dose of vaccine should be stopped or reduced in case of severe reaction. Passive immunization: Passive immunization is the administration of P. aeruginosa immunoglobulin or high-valent immune serum (or plasma) to the patient. High-valent immune plasma is prepared by injecting volunteers with the vaccine, separating the plasma when the antibody potency reaches 1:512, and preserving it by lyophilization. The dosage is 250 ml for adults and 125 ml for children, usually injected within a week. Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunoglobulin is injected on the day of admission and for 3 consecutive days, 0.5ml for adults and 0.2ml for children each time. Passive immunization can compensate for the disadvantage of longer production time of active immunization. For people with low immune function, it is generally recommended to inject multivalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine and highly effective Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunoglobulin or immune plasma immediately after the burn. 2, prophylactic application of antibiotics The principles of prophylactic application of antibiotics are early, combined, adequate and sensitive. Although some scholars do not advocate the prophylactic application of antibiotics, we believe that the reasonable application of antibiotics can reduce the incidence of invasive infections. The early stage refers to the application of antibiotics to prevent infection after the admission of patients with large and deep burns or more serious contamination; the combination refers to the joint application of two types of antibiotics to inhibit the proliferation of bacteria on the trauma surface and under the scab, generally using vanguardycin plus hypromellose kanamycin. 3, active treatment of trauma The necrotic tissue of burn trauma provides a good medium for bacteria, and the trauma is the main source of infection. And the damage of immune function after burn injury also returns to normal with the healing of trauma or after covering by scab implant. Therefore, active treatment of trauma (including scab grafting and topical medication to promote trauma healing) is the key to prevent infection.