What is commonly referred to as “IVF” is actually synonymous with assisted reproductive technology, and the following article provides an overview of the use of assisted reproductive technology in the management of male infertility. In adult infertility couples, male factor alone can account for about 20% and mixed factors can account for about 30%, so overall, male infertility is about 50% of the overall infertility population. In terms of the diagnosis of male infertility, it should include three aspects: disease diagnosis, which refers specifically to whether male infertility is primary or secondary; pathological diagnosis, which refers specifically to the pathological basis of male infertility, including semen analysis, sperm morphology and/or testicular pathology report; etiological diagnosis, which refers specifically to the primary disease causing male infertility, such as varicocele, Crohn’s syndrome, bilateral vas deferens, etc. As far as the treatment of male infertility is concerned, the main tools include medication, surgery, and assisted reproductive therapy, with the general principle of starting with the cause and trying to individualize the treatment. As one of the most important means of treating infertility, assisted reproductive technology (ART) has excellent efficacy and is constantly being optimized to achieve good clinical safety, especially for certain special clinical events, such as extreme oligospermia, hypospermia, and malformations, and for couples who require preimplantation diagnosis. ART has an irreplaceable role for certain specific clinical events, such as extremely low, weak, or aberrant spermatozoa, and for couples at high genetic risk that require preimplantation diagnosis. The main types of ART include intra uterine insemination (IUI), artificial insemination with husband’s semen (AI), and the use of a variety of other methods to treat male infertility. husband’s semen (AIH), artificial insemination with donor’s semen (AID), and in vitro fertilization-embryo transplantation (IVF). embryo transplantation (IVF-ET), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IUI). Indications for intrauterine injection (IUI): infertility due to male factor; unexplained infertility; abnormal cervical mucosa; anatomical abnormalities that prevent semen from reaching the uterine cavity (severe hypospadias, retrograde ejaculation, erectile dysfunction); AID (frozen sperm); frozen sperm with normal parameters before chemotherapy or radiotherapy (sperm density ≥ 5-10×106/ml before treatment, sperm density ≥ 1 -3×106/ml). Indications for artificial insemination by husband (AIH): mild to moderate oligospermia or weak spermatozoa with non-severe abnormal spermatozoa, able to prepare sufficient amount of forward-moving sperm; inability to ejaculate vaginally due to sexual dysfunction, ejaculation disorder (retrograde ejaculation or premature ejaculation), etc.; abnormal semen liquefaction; immune infertility; unexplained infertility. Indications for artificial insemination by donor insemination (AID): irreversible azoospermia; obstructive azoospermia that cannot be recanalized or fails to be recanalized; extreme oligo-weak malformed spermatozoa; ejaculatory dysfunction (non-ejaculation) that has failed to respond to treatment; genetic disorders that make the male partner or his family unfit for fertility. For items 2, 3 and 4 above, patients should be informed that they can obtain their own biological children through ICSI methods, and AID treatment can only be performed if the patient himself firmly requests AID. Indications for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET): mild to moderate oligozoospermia combined with severe teratozoospermia; mild to moderate oligozoospermia combined with non-severe teratozoospermia that has failed after 3 IUI cycles; unexplained infertility that has failed after 3 IUI cycles; immune infertility that has failed after 3 IUI cycles. Indications for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): extreme oligospermia, weak spermia, teratospermia; severe oligospermia, weak teratospermia (sperm density <5×106/ml, viability (a+b) <10%, normal morphology <5%); irreversible obstructive azoospermia (failed recanalization surgery); spermatogenic dysfunction (non-obstructive azoospermia, excluding genetic factors); immune infertility (definite diagnosis, failure of in vitro fertilization); unexplained infertility, failure of IVF-ET; sperm acrosome abnormalities; need for preimplantation embryo genetics. All types of ART use non-coital means to assist conception and require a combination of clinicians and laboratory technicians. To some extent, ART bypasses the natural pregnancy selection process for sperm, and gametes and embryos are susceptible to interference from external factors in in vitro culture, which may be harmful to embryo and fetal development. Therefore, before performing either type of ART, the male physician must evaluate the safety of the technique used and have the patient couple fully informed and consent. AIH and AID are both in vitro processing of semen followed by insemination, both of which may cause complications such as intrauterine infection, ectopic pregnancy, and cramping lower abdominal pain in the female partner; if frozen semen is used, during the freezing-recovery process, sperm DNA In order to avoid such risks, the human sperm bank should be strictly managed in accordance with the Ministry of Health's regulations. The safety issues of ICSI, on the other hand, should include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome during ovulation promotion in women; complications such as bleeding and infection during egg retrieval and embryo transfer; possible unfertilization; mechanical or chemical damage to the cellular structure of the egg caused by microinjection; abnormal embryo development or even death during in vitro culture due to external factors (such as temperature change, toxicity of the culture medium or sperm braking agent, etc.); failure of embryos to implant after transfer ; ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy; pregnancy loss, miscarriage; offspring may carry congenital genetic defects, especially in patients with Y chromosome AZF microdeletion, which can be passed through ICSI and cause sterility in male offspring. In addition, certain potential risks that are not confirmed by clinical data, but must be considered, must be strictly evaluated and controlled in the work-up. Clinical male physicians, especially those in reproductive centers, in the process of treating male infertility, in addition to being proficient in various infertility examination and treatment techniques, must fully understand the expected efficacy and adverse consequences of each treatment measure, and should thoroughly and meticulously evaluate the patient couple's condition before treatment, and provide individualized treatment advice for the patient's condition, trying to avoid or reduce risks and striving to To obtain the best results at the least cost.