Vertigo is a motion hallucination or spatial misperception in which the patient subjectively feels that he or she or an external object is rotating, oscillating, lifting, and tilting. Vertigo is the third most common cause of patient visits (after fever and headache). The attacks of vertigo can seriously affect the life, work and study of patients, and the attacks on uncomfortable occasions can cause adverse consequences. Some studies have shown that benign paroxysmal positional vertigo accounts for 1/3 of vertigo, which is a common and frequent disease. The disease was first described by Adler in 1897, and was formally introduced by Bdrdny in 1921 when he described the disease as a brief recurrent episode of vertigo during rapid head movements. paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)”. The disease was first proposed in China by Xing Guangqian et al. in 1999. With the understanding of the pathophysiology of BPPV, the theory of crestal otoliths and canaloliths was gradually recognized, and the discovery of floating otoliths in the posterior semicircular canal promoted the treatment of the disease. These repositioning treatments were simple, effective and efficient, which further confirmed the theory of canaloliths and were gradually used in clinical practice. With the gradual improvement of the understanding of the disease and the accumulation of experience, China proposed the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of BPPV in 2006. It has promoted the understanding and popularization of BPPV in China. According to the pathogenesis of BPPV, BPPV can be divided into crestal otoliths and canaloliths, and a very rare type of otolith hemimelia. Depending on the hallux valgus involved in the disease, it can be classified as posterior hallux valgus BPPV, horizontal hallux valgus BPPV, anterior hallux valgus BPPV and multiple hallux valgus involved BPPV. In terms of etiology, most patients with BPPV do not have a clear cause. It is called idiopathic or primary, accounting for 60% to 90% of the cases, while idiopathic BPPV is mostly age-related, with age, the metabolism, absorption and regeneration of otoliths are affected and easily dislodged. This leads to the production of the disease. In addition, it is more frequent in women, with a history of migraine, use of ototoxic drugs such as basidiol glycosides, diabetes, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperlipidemia, posterior circulation ischemia, sinusitis, and smoking are likely to be prevalent. Secondary to BPPV, definite secondary factors include head trauma, other inner ear diseases, inner ear surgery, tracheal intubation, etc. Diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: history of typical vertigo attacks, sudden onset of vertigo due to sudden turning in bed, neck extension or forward flexion, most of them lasting less than 30 seconds, some of them relieving themselves after 2 minutes. The diagnosis can be basically confirmed by the positive results of Di x-Ha l l p i ke maneuver, lateral recumbency method and rotation maneuver. Treatment: self-limited type: after several episodes, the patient will not have any more episodes; recurrent type: after several weeks and months of illness, the doctor will determine the side of the disease and the orientation of the damaged semicircular canal according to the body position, and choose the corresponding repositioning treatment, the efficiency of body position treatment is reported to be more than 80% to 90%, and some individual cases can see immediate effect. The treatment of BPPV patients in the outpatient and inpatient departments has proven to be very effective. Some patients still have recurrence, but the repositioning treatment is still effective. After repositioning, the patient should go home and sleep on a high pillow for 1-2 d without lying on the affected side. 1 week later, the patient should be rechecked and the Hallpike dislocation nystagmus test should be performed. If it is still not good for more than 3 times, further examination, including MRI, should be performed to exclude intracranial lesions. Intractable type: It can be up to 1 year or more, with intermittent asymptomatic periods. Intractable BP P V can be treated surgically. Another pharmacological treatment is available for the treatment of the primary disease, in addition to vasodilators and neurotrophic agents, anti-vertigo drugs and anticholinergics. These drugs have no effect on preventing attacks and changing the natural course of the disease, but can inhibit the vestibular nerve and reduce vertigo and autonomic symptoms.