A mediastinal tumor encircling the right cephalic vein is still a relatively serious condition, indicating that the tumor has grown significantly and started to invade the surrounding tissues. Generally, small mediastinal tumors are mainly confined to the mediastinum, but it is a more serious condition when the tumor continues to grow, affects the upper mediastinum and begins to encircle the right cephalic vein. Firstly, the tumor will compress the adjacent tissues, affecting blood circulation and nerve function; secondly, the tumor will invade the surrounding tissues, which will affect the surgical treatment. After diagnosing the specific condition of the tumor, one should consult a doctor in time to carry out standardized treatment under the guidance of the clinician. Surgery should be chosen as much as possible to remove the tumor, and some malignant lesions need to be controlled by auxiliary radiotherapy after surgery.